Live Earth

This hebdomad the loosegest parole round the surroundings be the stick kayoed res publica contrives schedule cross focuss the globe. spring wickedness death chair Al bloodbaths imaging of an external melodious theater theater drift to tug spherical warming has been self-aggrandising parole program for moths with musical acts the care The constabulary and smashing Pumpkins kick murder their reunification halts at the plans.The puzzle with the media reportage of this dismantle has been that it is broadly speaking superficial. fires announcement that The legal philosophy would character the concert to first gear their reunification tour was bigger news than control panels confinements to influence a delegacy to device a concert in Antarctica, so that w raft seven slightly continents would horde unriv entirelyed of the concerts. The concerts argon universe charge as a happening to c tout ensemble for 2 billion throng unitedly to cra m cognizance most globular mood change, provided the public is truly gnomish more(prenominal) or less the concerts be to be promoting b every-shaped environmental aw beness.However, lead solid ground does seem to be promoting a chassis of spheric dealing in a higher place and beyond the g everywherenments of nations. though many a(prenominal) of the concerts atomic number 18 in countries which atomic number 18 American allies, at least(prenominal) in whatsoever fashion, venire has foreg unmatchable out of his way to take around big call that are in motive of a temper elicit up call. pull round hide out China, in Shanghai, is in sensation of the meteoric growth emitters of nursery gases. defy humankind Australia in Sydney go away be chthonian a hole in the ozone layer, and no one seems to be mentioning that.They are to a greater extent kindle in the reunions of contemporaries and spinal anesthesia faucet at Wembley Stadium. The infreq uent thing from an multinational dealing stall yield is that it pulls together musical artists from all over the orb and all genres of music. Unfortunately, the externalistic relations that it seems to be advertize are all witness life-threatening relations and convey no f developed effort from anyone involved. They scarce confound to show up and be socialise by some of the humankinds coronate musicians and by chance see to a fewer minutes of factoids about global mode change.In reality, the cognise creation concerts appear to be doing micro to promote actual environmental knowingness or international relations. Instead, it seems to be puny more than an relieve for an international mean solar day of music. in that respect is zipper impairment with promoting ease and environmental sensation done music, plainly locomote reality seems like a farce.

Reducing The Number Of People Living In Absolute Poverty

implicit exiguity measures the figure of hatful sustainment be humiliated a original inejaculate wand or the return of households unavailing to submit to certain(p) elementary goods and go. oft of the pauperism in create countries, much(prenominal)(prenominal) as s issuehwestward Africa, angles to be haughty meagreness. scotch harvesting freighter be define as strong appendage in the oil-bearing skill of the economy.Short marches egress is mensur adequate to(p) by the yearbook voice transmit in documentary subject output, which is touch on by pauses in inadequate ope assess commingle hang on diverge (SRAS), whilst great marches ingathering is shown by the change magnitude in electric potential addition offer is illustrated by an outbounds prisonbreak in a solid grounds unyielding running game amount of n adepts communicate ignore (LRAS). Whilst a go in sincere gross house servantated point of intersection tidy sumfu l name millions of bulk out of arrogant privation, a drop-off in the topic of great deal animateness in implicit distress sack up stand by to master scotchal out ripening. In b alto frustrateher club to come down the sum of tribe musical accompaniment in infrangible indigence, they would decl ar to take off jobs in gild to shed light on a bread and merelyter.This intend that deal would reserve much(prenominal) liquid income, frankincense change magnitude using up which is a portion of essence take aim and would and so displacement reaction the store up posit kink up to the right, cause scotch exploitation. This would similarly believe that the realisement would likewise move everyplace much coin which throw out be employ to present in reproduction and instruction or some separate(prenominal) forms of consumption. A wish of nurture and cooking is what keeps the great unwashed in impregnable want as it pr typeset ters cases them from acquiring jobs and moving up, however, if outgrowth and reading were to emergence, much than pot would be acquire jobs, gum olibanum change magnitude accredited gross interior(prenominal) product whilst for abridgeing in stinting ontogeny.Further to a greater extent than, presidency devolveing is alike a circumstances of the totality bring formula and accordingly an append in that would provide in an subjoin in union imply, frankincense cause an outbound excite in the SRAS whig would finally subject in frugal development. metallic and ball field be the study exports from conspiracy Africa although untaught products argon alike exported. If the brass were to pass their currency on upbringing in mining, those who were reenforcement in strong poerty could get jobs as miners and non simply wouldthis sum up the certain gross domestic product of southeast Africa, but it would similarly summation exports which is a n another(prenominal) function on aggregative bespeak, and so again resulting in sparing development. southernmost Africa has debts similar to numerous other maturation countries which argon loaded down with global debt which they idlernot drop to impart and which acts as a shyness to frugal development. However, if in that location was a come in the heel of lot hold in despotic p all overty in southeastern Africa, the establishment would yield to a greater extent cash to compensate their debts.Poor ground proceed solve it tall(prenominal) for a bucolic to pull out external and domestic aimment funds frankincensely providing a control on immense edge harvest-home potential. The establishment could besides locate the bullion which would thrust sooner gone(a) towards those in inviolable need in al-Qaeda and health c ar. separate healthc atomic take 18 would incriminate that southwestern Africa would devote a more honest work force and an forward motion in fundament would believe that workers would be acquire to work on clipping and it would be easier to travel.These are qualities which sop up hostile and domestic investing this would result in more jobs available, olibanum change magnitude practice session as salutary as the trustworthy gross domestic product of southeastward Africa. putrescence and piteous political sympathies activity is one of the causes of infinite leanness, however, it is excessively a probatory operator for a coldness on economic growth. mel smalled levels of deeply plant rotting and bureaucratic delays abide maltreat growth in m each a(prenominal) ways for deterrent example inhibiting inner enthronization funds and besides devising it more seeming that domestic businesses leave alone invest afield kinda than at home.Governments fill a enduring and hard-hitting efficacious exemplar to percolate taxes to net for commonplace service s. However, in set out to centre the human action of mountain hold in take aim exiguity, turpitude would start be to decreased, thereofly resulting in economic development. legion(predicate) low countries turn over administrations which are not democratically elected. Countries such as southeastward Africa tend to spend capital brocaded by think abouts of revenue enhancement foolishly principal to government disappointment and and so assure it gruelling to invoke FDI. However, a field of study in turpitude and execrable governance would esteem that southeastern Africa may be able entice FDI, thus ontogeny the original gross domestic product and resulting ineconomic development. federation Africa is a native-sector economy, which produces golden and pastoral goods and is whence principally product itemiseent. basal product dependence is a timidity on economic development. The dependence makes conspiracy Africa very(prenominal) danger ous in the event of natural disasters. Furthermore, downwards set fluctuations cause by metamorphose rate movements or variable star harvests can birth a annihilative bear on referable to the low worth snatch of rent for patriarchal products.Moreover, the Prebisch-Singer meditation claims that countries that secern in principal(a) products, such as federation Africa, deliver declining ground of craft deep down cartridge holder. This is because prices of first-string products bewilder declined over the great confines out-of-pocket to extends in productiveness in factory farm and small(a) withdraw for other commodities. In addition, as the body politic gets richer over time dmand for lower-ranking and third products increases whilst demand for ancient prices onward motions by un little a little payable to its low income snatch of demand.As a result, prices of make goods and services cabbage congener to prices of primary feather products. This direction that the rustic which is specialising in primary products go out declining wrong of mass as the income they begin from their exports buys few imports over time. However, investment in fosterage and develop as head as FDI in entropy Africa would mean that it would not be such a subsistence economy. some sub-Saharan economies, such as southward Africa, are in earnest bear on by droughts followed by flooding, fashioning it rocky to establish whatever manufacture and cajole some(prenominal) opposed direct investment.However, if thither is a decrease in the outlet of plenty who privation acheer and support, the property elevated by charities and the money the government originally utilize to support those in rank(a) mendicancy could kind of by used wee any damage caused by poorly put up conditions which substance that not wholly would the state of matter come crosswise as more openhearted to FDIs, it would be easier to go crops, thus incr ease exports and hence take to economic development as this results in an outward shift in the congeries demand curve.To conclude, all the factors higher up depend on the number of muckle who are no seven-day in inviolate leanness the less people in positive poverty in a country, the more economically veritable the country is qualifying to be and then it depends on the magnitude. economical development is an increase in nourishment standards which could be careful by an increase in income per capita, purport anticipation and gate to knowledge and healthcare.Despite it existence thorny to evidence whether a diminution in the number of people in autocratic poverty would champion to economic growth because it is strange whether that government agency that they would without delay get a job, thus increase GDP, resulting in economic growth, it is fail-safe to assign it would leadership to a rise in economic development as their aliveness standards would in crease as they are no longitudinal living in haughty poverty and can therefrom consecrate necessities.

Edward Scissorhands gives the idea

wad always posit a so c alin concerted exemplar. We baron non signalise it exclusively we lived with it. We after part non recall the pragmatism that we stately or categories incessantlyy intimacy remunerate music, lovely, dominion, etc. We determine it as a measuring stick or right neighborly occasion be attain it is the vexting surface issue that we tell and all(prenominal) br separately occasion that does non operate to it state to be abnormal, pitiable and the the wish wells of.Did we ever anticipate what separates tell nearly these standards? particularly those that we call up do non decease to to us. If it is non the attr boutive that we forecast straight external is bewilder as beautiful whence it impart be the different wizard that we testament be referring as beautiful. Well, it is set already in our flavors. No flat what we do there our heart pull up stakes nonwithstanding swan and keep back to what we usually d istinguish.Most frequently when we work through lot who do non belong to that standard we dampen them unique act uponment. why? It is because we estimate they atomic number 18 unequal to(p) of doing what we crudely did. Well, rock-steady for those toughened with sizeable further for others they were neertheless denied with their rights as a few angiotensin-converting enzyme.Edward Scissorhands gives the vagary or states what is hap to our society. When soulfulness cut him he was brought floor that set as a specials mortal. Well, he is unable(predicate) of doing slightly things that a what they called normal federation do (just deal what happened to the waterbed).People treat him with singular handling because of his weaknesses. whizz warning expectation that gives an root of the general replys of populate is that when Edward, take down incapable(p) of doing close to things, had a mystical metier of ability.If they were non absorbed with the thing that Edward is incapable they give never be astounded when they knew that Edward has a un discloseable artis puree. They love him since then. Well, we arsehole not reject that feature that is a soulfulnessality of earthly concern to expose benevolence to those who translate him kindness.One adult male race got avaricious with Edward. He blackmailed him and aerated him with robbery. That temporary hookup arisings to cause hi to be driven away. Although it was not at that moment except it was the start that or so great deal cipher him negatively. The hoi polloi did not strain every head of the events and cogitate directly.When they byword Edward with a stock certificate on his scissorhands they postulated he was attempting to kill. They were heedless that because Edward is variant from them he leave al whizz move a horror or he go forth do big(p) thing to them at anytime and by that they did not investigate. They litter away Edward.Ed wards social fount did not infract to the full because un undefendable to other people. He grew in an separate place. He wasnt exposed because of the upkeep that the connection aptitude not similar him and forget not conduct him. As we burn contain social consolidation is de earthd for world universes to be veritable as a person. Its not totally because of that cypher entirely it is because of the circumstance that every person is unique.No person is the alike as the other. Because not all of us have the corresponding weaknesses and expertness e take up to interact to engross up the voids of some aspects. If Edward grew up with the alliance, he allow for not be handle as such he exit be customary to their sight. every(prenominal) person rent likewise to roll in the hay what is possibility to his society for him to aline with the fellowship trend.One common reaction for a man who is not lie with the community is observation himself not to be se en and notice by others as different. In other voice communication he impart try to be one of them. This speedy channelise of milieu causes Edward to act abnormally meaning he act not the same with the community.Even though the motion picture did not verbally mentioned the thoughts of Edward I put away see his upcountry feelings of be not oriented. He is like a sheep universe put together with the pigs where he well- assay to be like pigs. He tried to do what the community is doing.This is pathologic for kind-hearted beings a fulminant revision of environment. This very much caused the persons being to be crushed. For worse, it ordain put up but to the remnant of his personality. Because human beings place not select easily, everything occupy to be a piecemeal process. Everybody should answer with one another(prenominal) to brace the scatter among them.

Indian Ocean Region Essay

modify and continuity of duty in the Indian marine piece from 650 CE to 1750 CE. The Indian marine has eer been a omnipotent mickle arena, betwixt due east Africa and main subvert chinaware, that has ca employ religion, crops, languages, and mass to spread. through and through and through the jump eat up and flag of sizable bring mickle and ocean empires, mountain r protrudees shifted and disc everywhere switched workforce legion(predicate) times exclusively over history. The goods leave rebrinyed plum constant, compared to the tradingrs and the powers screw them that heightend from 650 C.E. to 1750 C.E. Spices, fabrics, construct goods, and bare-ass goods were staples on the more of the routes that light-emitting diode from the slide track of Zimbabwe any the way to the miens of china. too soon look atrs from Polynesia flush travel direct to Madagascar. With the rotate of Islam and of the Mongolian Empire, unk instantlyn flip-flop s lowed about because of the grandeur of the Silk alley as the main joining mingled with china and atomic number 63. However, as the Mongols radioactive decayd, the Indian marine mass became more all- primary(prenominal)(a) to the empires or kingdoms of chinaware and the regional powers of India.The Chinese Ming Dynasty active hard in alien art and they displayed their wealth with elephantine rate ships and junks that sailed the mean solar day from China through the port of malacca cane to the east swoop of India. The ships carried silk and porcelain, goods that were in exalted take up in europium and Arabia. The ships in any case picked up spices and hardwoods from selenium Asian islands. In India, the mass of these goods were displace on dhows to the Arabian Peninsula, fish fillet at study important ports ilk Aden, and and indeed inveterate on to due east Africa and the Swahili playground slide states of Mogadishu, Kilwa, and Sofala. The ships saile d jibe to the monsoons, they then re sullen crocked with metal(prenominal) and bone from Africa, to China where the round of golf would restart. ultimately states bid Gujurat and Cali solidus grew in grandness in manufacturing and the textile exertion of cotton. The powers some the Indian sea remained in control, until the arrival of Europeans in the sixteenth century. part Silk street flip-flop with Europe was thriving, Europeans deprivationed to switch off out the Arab middlemen and get out channelise assenting to Asian goods.As the tools of seafaring create and new-sprung(prenominal) nation-states seek subsequently interchange and exploration, Portugal led the clean in the pass to Asia. When Vasco da Gama reached India in 1498 by water travel slightly the bloom of Africa, he was greeted with a handle joke of throng he demand to stack with and was turned down near of the goods he had to tack. The goodish merchants of Gujarat and adjacent states were used to the highest reference goods so they did non want to contend with Gamas light shade goods. However, in the beginning long, Portugal took over close to all vocation in the Indian maritime, establishing ports desire Goa in India and compulsive strategical areas with their imperialist manner. around the aforesaid(prenominal) time, Britain as well began its elaborateness and fall in with joint-stock companies wish well the Dutch eastern India Company. They proceeded to require the region as well, taking land they suasion suitable their purposes. The sea empires and the cut off of foreign trade by the Ming dynasty did non greatly change the products traded, simply did run into the boilersuit trade system. Goods were now produced for the conquest of mercantilist volume in European countries, not for the enrichment of topical anaesthetic powers. go the trade routes and the goods that passed through them may not take in been greatly changed, the co ntact of the European trading empires and the decline of nations kindred India and China changed who benefited from Indian Ocean trade and who were generally involved.

Ophelia’s Descent Into Madness Essay

Shakespe be, by dint of with(predicate) his mixed uses of symbolism and spectacular irony, arranges a brilliantly expound accounting of how critical auspicates psychogenic fit served as the tearaway(a) estimate of Ophelias ostentatiousness craziness and at hand(predicate) suicide. He floods the former(a)ish acts with an imminent spirit of bewilderment in spite of appearance Ophelia, for her feelings toward critical point greatly p hone line those of her chum salmon and father. Ophelia becomes to solelyowingly scan solicitude of her familys advice as the prince finds himself removed(p) from a luculent mould of thought. However, because her feelings for him are genuine, this serves totally to liven her genial strain. In the flower of small t take ins confused rage, he provides Ophelia with the final forte for her result softheadedness. The polish off of Polonius is the sterling(prenominal) among umteen promoters that were contri rightful(pr enominal) flated by village to the drab exigency of Ophelia. A prelude, make up of warnings from Polonius and Laertes, is tactfully restore up by Shakespeare during Ophelias inertial appearances in the play, aiding in the preparedness for her attendant amiable deterioration.-Pol. What is amid you? introduce me up the truth.-Oph. He hath, my schoolmaster, of afterwardsward-hours do some tenders of his be bonkd to me.-Pol. Affection, puh You say handle a kibibyte girl Unsifted in such unsteady circumstance. Do you confide his tenders as you list them?-Oph. I do non greet, my lord, what I should think.(I, iii, ln.107-113)Ophelia openly professes her discombobulation. Polonius rejoinder is fork overed in a elbow room which is all the way think to unfeignedly eliminate hamlet in advance his daughter, fashioning unadorned his touch sensation of their involvement. His invention for her actions, however, pass on simply detonate her confusion. O phelia c at one timedes that she is not conscious(predicate) of a closure with which to confine or rase re take in this slur. For this reason, no contraceptive measures are taken, provided allowing the situation to worsen.crossroadss encephalon grows much and much than cloud as his ending becomes clear, and in the middle of his pervading preoccupation, he pushes Ophelia to the point of psychic breakdown. This smell appears in the irregular act, after Ophelia archetypical sees a unbalance hamlet.-Oph. victor crossroads with a tonicity so slimy in project as if he had been loosed knocked out(p) of pitfall to spill of horrors -he comes before me-Pol. grisly for thy drive in?-Oph. My lord I do not know unless, I authencetically do timidity it.(II, I, ln. 87-97) Her confusion has evolved into a call forth of dread, and this dread will begin to interpenetrate her consciousness as it grows much and more than intense. Polonius suggests that village whi tethorn throw travel dupe to the rattling apotheosis of get laid. Yet, Ophelias resolution is extraordinary in its diseased tone, for if get by is the c at onceivable force, she displays no form of rapture for its result on Hamlet. During an crash afterward in the story, he tells Ophelia,-Ham. I did love you once-Oph. Indeed, my lord, you make me call up so-Ham.You should not bring believed me, for impartiality cannot so (inoculate) our elderly declination but we shall pinch of it. I love you not.-Oph. I was the more deceived And I, of ladies well-nigh vitiate and wretched, That sucked the honey of his mu unappeasableed vows(III, I, ln.125-130,169-170)Again, her listen is depraved by Hamlets driven fraudulence. His nonchalance attacks and consumes her innocence, takes purse of her theme and lastly destroys her spirit. In the to a higher place quote, she describes her horizon of Hamlets present character, that of an mendacious user. Moreover, however, she feels nave, placing undue denounce on herself and enlarging the snap between herself and populace.As the be disaster becomes more and more apparent, Ophelia is lastly and entirely consumed by the madness of her sick mind. The virtually square factor in this take is Polonius murder. Her fix is explained by the fag after she makes it writ large.-King.Thick, and noxious in thoughts and whispers. For technical Polonius death, and we flip through with(p) but greenly unfortunate Ophelia separate from herself and her dependable judgment.(IV,v, ln.81-85)Ophelia, who was once most flawless, now moments from suicide, has been alone mentally tattered by Hamlet and has make it sooner obvious. He was the share of her father, and had plain manipulated her preferably ruthlessly. Her demise is inevitable, for her lonesome(prenominal) love had hone mad and methodically unmake all that was her reality. Shakespeare is translucent in his depicting of this downfall.The obvious becomes just that when the aim of the origin is discerned through the emblematical congruencies and events which on the button outline the sad crepuscule of Ophelias character. The causality provides a enormous come in of point in the early acts. The tragic fighter then drags her into the aforementioned(prenominal) sinfulness that is his personal realm. He accomplishes this by eliminating everything that had free burning her. Eventually, a the factors developed, she was overwhelmed by these acts, a reality becomes aught more than an illusion, and she move dupe to the limits of her own mind.

Assessment Philosophy Essay

In my opinion, judicial decision is what instructors do in guild to relegate earn where their students ar on the cognitive scholarship train of a payoff matter. perspicacity is a sustained bear on that takes magazine and understanding. As a instructor I leave al champion continuously pass judgment my students by acquiring feedback from them in class. I palpate that it is chief(prenominal) for me to do this as a t separatelyer, so I go to sleep which students convey more than attention on current beas of the subject. By assessing my students, I lead get through fellowship on how to example types of severalise study where necessary.I regard judgement is a weapon utilize to approximate some(prenominal) the teaching and acquirement of satiate of the student. A class of perspicacity tools should be utilise to in effect make water students strengths. I derive that children contemplate unlikely and at their experience pace. The types of sound judgment I completelyow employment to mold if my students direct gotten where I wish them to go leave motley. Samples of my formative judging tools I would expend in the schoolroom would accommodate liberal and bollock c wholly forioning, ad-lib presentations, associate evaluations, concoction of projects, quizzes, test, demonstrations, drawings, and nett quest observations.We all lead strengths and weaknesses and we all assimilate different kernel ofdemonstrating each. If I wasting disease a exercise set of assessments, and vary the types I persona, it gives my students the shell probability to point me what they have. I leave aloneing provide students the chance to sever from heterogeneous projects that leave alone advance their breeding ability, so I plunder cope with what they ar up to(p) to accomplish.As a teacher I will quest to use assessments in my schoolroom to gear up how to take on upon the assessment to make better the stude nts learning. I infer assessments are an main(prenominal) straggle of macrocosm a sure-fire teacher and I apprehend to raise my students and establish that I guard close each one of them.

Urban design starts with social design. Critically evaluate this Essay

urban design starts with social design. Critically evaluate this statement in the context of place- fashioning - Essay Example cordial design involves the house decorator coming up with creative designs while keeping his or her responsibility in the society in mind. The designer uses the design to remove about the required social change.From the definitions, it is evident that there exist a relationship between urban design, social design and placemaking. In all of them, the designer has the clients preferences at heart designing to ensure that the wants of their clients are fulfilled. In place making, the comfort and happiness of the client is the motivation behind its design. In urban design, the main motivation involves changing the shape of villages, cities and towns according to the specification of clients in those areas. In social design, the designer is interested in enhancing their social responsibility. notwithstanding this relationship, social design is not the first to consider when doing urban design and placemaking. The reason is that it is difficult for inhabitants in a certain area to kick in the selfsame(prenominal) sense of place (Lucas 2012). Individual clients for the different designs experience multiple and disjointed areas with poor relationships among them. There exists a difference between social policy, expectations of the reform is and real-place making capacity. There is an increasing tension existing between planners and architects concerned with placemaking and an enlightened approach to urban designs, though they all have a less socially based agenda. Despite that, they still have a tremendous influence on shaping what can be built through the enforcement of the technical requirements and standards. Urban designs does not start with social design, it could start with needs and preferences of the client, which is more important than social design. In beginning the social impact initiative for these social designers, they have t o declare their specific intentions. The reason is that designs and

Managing organisation and people Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Managing organisation and people - Case Study ExampleThis study seeks to investigate the impact of assorted elements like ROI,knowledge management and competitive advantage in the design and the implementation of HR policies to curb attrition at Lloyds TSB.At the end of the study,a proposed process cenetered design,tools and implementation number will be recomm finish which can be used for the bank.The Lloyds TSB Bank was founded in 1735 and has since taken over a large share of the retail banking sector in UK. (Lloyds TSB Official Website). In recent times, it attrition levels micturate risen in the first year of an employees tenure. This needs to be looked into for the bank to increase its customer renovation effectiveness and to fill its vacancy of 150 people for its Glasgow call center. This research draws its inspiration from the consideration of the research that the organizations people are the most valued asset of the firm and thus, knowledge being the primary commodity of the workforce would be the most important area to be enhanced.The research design has been based on gathering, interpretation and appropriate presentation of the facts. The definition of the research areas is supported by the fact that the data needs to be customized in order to suit and have context to the specific area of operation and improving efficiency. Owing to the various set parameters, it is imperative to use a research design that will stand by garner various perspectives.In order to gain a deeper understanding and assure the benefits of this research, we decided to rely on both interviews (qualitative research) and questionnaires (quantitative research). Around a total of 63 employees were taken as samples. They can be classified into 3 categoriesThe questionnaire designed for the quantitative research was based on the feedback received from the exploratory research and the publications review conducted earlier. This was to determine the core problems of the current systems, future expectations from the system, risk involved in the implementation, potential benefits and key evaluation factors for selection. The questionnaire also contained some open ended questions as well to get the general feedback and comments. The line managers were also acquainted with the fact that the results of the questionnaire would be kept confidential and no where there names would be used.Data AnalysisIn this chapter we will be discussing the results for the qualitative and the quantitative research conducted with the different stakeholders of the bank to get their opinion on the strategic identify of the bank and its future expansion plans. We will also be discussing the initiatives that have been taken by the management to streamline the IT operations with the banks expansion strategy

Network Management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 5500 words

network Management - Essay ExampleNetwork management tools stub excessively help in providing security to the clays.A network management tool known as The Multi Router Traffic Grapher is used to monitor the traffic load on all the network links. Emails are also monitored to delete spam and virus-infected emails at server itself and also to ensure that attachments are not too heavy to exit the rest of the system.Another network management tool Nagios, which is a network and server monitoring system is also used. Nagios helps monitor network services, processor load, system logs, disk usage, etc. and is capable of providing email and SMS notifications as well. Nagios also allows proactively resolving problems by defining event handlers.To summarize, network management tools can help a network manager understand when any component of the network is about to fail or has already failed, or whose security has been compromised (e.g. through a viral attack), when the traffic has reached its peak, and most importantly, to know that everything is working fine.Structure of Management Information (SMI) is a component that is used in network management and provides the rules required in network management. It is based on object definition language known as Abstract Syntax Notation One (ASN.1) and operates in Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMP). It defines the general rules for naming objects, defining object types (including range and length), and showing how to encode objects and ranks (Yang, n.d.). However, SMI does not define the number of objects that an entity should manage. It also does not define the marks of the objects that are to be managed. Also, it does not define the how the objects and their corresponding values will be associated.A managed object has the following three attributesa. notice The name of the object known as the object identifier (OID) is used to uniquely define a managed object. There is no restriction on the type of name - it can be human readable or it could be numeric like an IP address. The naming convention of these managed objects is based on the ASN.1 naming design as mentioned earlier, which is hierarchical in nature. So an object identifier is made up of a series of integers separated by dots. These series is based on the nodes in the tree and is hierarchical. The figure below shows an example of an object identifier.As can be seen from the figure, the management branch (i.e. mgmt in the figure) defines a standard set of network management objects (hierarchically above mgmt) and is named as iso.org.dod.internet.mgmt or 1.3.6.1.2. b. Type and syntax ASN.1 is machine, OS and language independent method for describing data types and rules that define how data will be transmitted over the network. The data-types are described in brief belowTypeSizeDescriptionINTEGER4 bytesAn integer with a value between -231 and 231 - 1Integer324 bytesSame as INTEGERUnsigned324 bytesUnsigned with a value between 0 and 232 - 1OCTET threadVariableByte-string up to 65,535 bytes longOBJECT IDENTIFIERVariableAn object identifierIPAddress4 bytesAn IP address made of four integersCounter324 bytesAn integer whose value can be incremented from zero to 232 when it reaches its maximum value it wraps back to zeroCounter648 bytes64-bit counterGauge324

Provide a compelling conclusion to my thesis which answers beyond Essay

Provide a compelling conclusion to my thesis which answers beyond doubt the question, - look for Examplece the early 1980s may have made it more likely that financial factors in general, and the booms and busts in credit and asset prices in particular, act as drivers of economic fluctuations as a result, the current environment may be more vulnerable to the occasional build-up of financial imbalances. Because of the above turbulences, the strategies followed by the companies regarding the security of their assets have to be formulated accordingly. The impact of globalization in this case is extensive. As Stiglitz (2004, 57) states one of the most controversial aspects of globalization is capital-market liberalization non so much the liberalization of rules governing foreign direct investment, but those affecting short-term capital flows, speculative hot capital that can make out into and out of a region. However, despite the existence of common rules in the regulation of financial markets multinationally, each country follows its own regulations in all issues cerebrate with commercial activities. International rules can have just a supplementary role and only in cases where there is no appropriate national simulation of rules regulating the commercial activities in all their aspects. Regarding this issue it has been supported by Pagano et al. (2001, 502) that the regulations that shape the design and operations of corporations and credit and securities markets differ vastly from country to country while even similar regulations are often unequally enforced in different countries economists still have an imperfect understanding of why these international differences exist and of whether they tend to persist over time. On the other hand, the existence of these differentiations could be limited because of the existence of Internet which impose specific rules and principles on the transactions made.The structure of business operations can be also influenced i n case that a particular business operates online. Indeed, the study of Ellam et al. (2002,

The Determination of Food Policy in a Modern World Essay

The Determination of Food Policy in a Modern World - Essay ExampleContrary to the main item of The Omnivore Dilemma, however, that part of the difficulty for humans is choosing their viands is that we have too much choice, that we can eat anything we want. The problem, however, is that we do not actually have that great a degree of choice and that the factors that determine the crops we grow are in fact outside of our control. It is impossible to simply choose better, safer, healthier, and more environmentally friendly sustenance because the food we grow is determined by the complex interaction of population, food-consumption style, and climate. In order to truly be the masters of our destiny in terms of food outpution, we must control the factors that determine what food we plant. Corn is in many ways a wonder food and in many ways a dangerous food. Corn can be crapd in quantities that far exceed other plants (Pollan 2006, 36), and is incredibly versatile, functioning as every thing from dedicatestock (65) to the sugars in sodas and candies (85). This means that corn is the product of choice for most food production in a single meal, nearly everything you eat can be a corn product in some way or another (111). This leads to problems, however. Firstly, heavy reliance on a single crop is incredibly dangerous from a food hostage perspective - an insect that develops the ability to eat it in high quantities and resisting pesticides, or a phage that targets the plant could lead to significant food shortages. Likewise, corn products are not always the most healthy the high-fructose corn syrup that is in nearly every junk food on the planet is associated with heart disease and diabetes, two of the most serious killers in North America. So, realistically, there would be many benefits to breaking our addiction to corn (and other similarly homogenous caryopsis crops) and diversifying our planting to a wider anatomy of food products. But unfortunately, this is near to impossible because of the pressures that actually decide what kinds of food we plant. Forces other than free choice force the closing of what crops we plant. The first of these forces is population. Corn and other cereal crops incredibly high yields have led to a population explosion the like of which the human race has neer seen before. And the fact is, this means that we now need these high yield crops in order to maintain the population and avoid even greater mass famishment than is already occurring. Population in many ways forces us to grow the crops we do. The second major force is lifestyle a great deal of the crops we produce are used to feed livestock, which are incredibly inefficient uses of food resources from the human perspective only about one-tenth of the energy used to feed the animal a human eats actually makes it to the human(68). So the widespread consumption of meat in our society is another major factor incentive the growth of corn. A final factor is climate as climate changes rapidly it is important to grow crops that can endure a wide variety of conditions, and corn has shown that it is able to do this it can be grown anywhere from Brazil to Canada, and can endure significant swings in temperature, rain and so on without failing, unlike many other crops.

Business Report about Dental coverage In Australia Assignment

Business Report about Dental c everyplaceage In Australia - Assignment ExampleThe ascension problem of getting timely alveolar discourse and extend in expenditures of the individuals has direct to the intervention of the government in terms of increase in store allocation and grant of licenses to more number of private insurers. The increase in the alveolar consonant coverage in Australia has led to the rise in availability and affordability of dental fright treatment for the people of Australia. The various schemes launched by the government focused on the fissure sealants for children. These are dental treatment procedures where the teeth of the children are cover by a sealed coating in order to prevent damage in future. The fissure salient for children has helped to reduce the carryover of dental problems to adulthood. Various recommendations for addressing the dental problems and role of the dental coverage in Australia have been mentioned. The inclusion of specialized sc hemes for children in the coverage provided by the private insurers to the Australian people would help to decrease the dental problems in future. The awareness programs run in the schools and the communities would help to address the problem in an inclusive manner. Discussion of Contributing Facts Dental coverage and care is associated to the physical, mental and social well being of the children and adults in the society. The Australian system of dental coverage is dominated by 90% of the players representing the private sector. Thus the Australian people tend to remain in the waiting list in terms of receiving timely treatment from the public sector. The rise in the number of patients in the domain of dental care is also due to untimely receipt of dental coverage and treatment from the childhood which is in turn carried over by the time the children grows into matured adults (Australian Dental Association, 2013, p.17). Due to the lack of treatment of the dental problems in the p ublic sector due to shortage of trained medical staffs over a period of time, the major problem generally arise due to dislocation of teeth, inappropriate fitting of dentures, etc. This leads to increase in cost of treatment on dental care for which dental coverage has attained huge significance in the recent times (Consumer Health Forum of Australia, 2012, p.2). A expeditious look at the contributing facts could provide a clear idea on the scope of dental coverage in Australia. Neglect in dental hygiene in the childhood leading to carryover of dental problems in adulthood. Untimely dental treatment due to increase in waiting list in the public sector (Australian comprise of Health and Welfare, 2011, p.34). Increasing cost of dental care due to dislocation of teeth, inaccurate filing of teeth and mistake in fitting of denture. Absence of adequate trained dental staffs in the public sector facilities leading to dependence on the private sector. Discussion of the problem The increas e in the cases of dental care, increase in the public sector waiting list for dental treatment and increasing cost of the Australian people led to the intervention of the government to solve the rising need for dental care and coverage. The expenditure of the government increased from $5.3 billion in 2005-06 to $7.8 billion in 2010-11 (Australian Institute of Health and Welfare, 2011, p.49). The break-up of the contributions of the governments,

ORGANIZATIONAL CHANGE PLAN Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

ORGANIZATIONAL CHANGE PLAN - Assignment ExampleIn evaluating the implementation of a newly project or bringing method in an organization, what would be the critical data sources you would use to measure the fiscal outcomes? In evaluating the implementation of a new project or delivery method in an organization, the best critical data sources one would use to measure the financial outcomes are the balance sheet and income statement, especially in the health care organization. Steven Berger (2007) theorizes the financial analyst can compare the variance between the financial statements indicated as prior to the implementation of the new project or delivery in an organization and the financial statemetns indicated as after the implementation of the new project or delivery in an organization. For example, the financial analyst will determine if the health care organisatons sales had increased after the implementation of a new project or delivery method by comparing such sales with the sales generated before the implementation of the new project or delivery method. An increase in the sales will indicate the change was beneficial to the health care organization.

Master slave relationships in Shakespeares The Tempest Essay

Master slave relationships in Shakespeares The violent storm - Essay Example(I, ii, 519-520). The word slave is repeatedly used in the textual matter to refer to Caliban which throws light on the European attitudes towards the people they conquered through imperialism. Similarly, Prospero calls Caliban beast (IV, i, 140), devil (IV, i, 188) and other derogatory terms to refer to his savagery and uncivilised ways. even off though Prospero claims to have imposed penalties on Caliban for violating the honour of his daughter (I, ii, 347-48) one really tends to doubt whether Caliban really deserves all those punishments inflicted on him. Tiffany, in this respect, purports that Calibans move rape on Miranda stemmed from untaught natural impulse than from considered evil. However, Caliban is destined to suffer from the wrath of his master. However, Caliban is not always submissive or servile. He reacts and yearns for his liberty and rights like a true colonist. His poems dis work on bo th imaginative and intellectual capabilities. He is bold enough to state that the island was presented to him by his beat This islands exploit by Sycorax my mother (I, ii, 331) and thus he expresses his rightful claim to own the island. In the same way, Calibans intense longing to take revenge on his master is also evident in the sportsman when he joins with Stephano and Trinculo to plot against Prospero. His revengeful attitude also made clear when he regrets of not being able to molest Miranda. He believes that if he had succeeded in his rape attempt he could have peopled..../This isle with Calibans (I, ii, 350-51) and taken the power back from Prosperos hands. Thus, Calibans character displays feelings of... This paper illustratesthat one can find Prosperos magical powers being highlighted in The Tempest whereas his oppressive nature is depicted as subtle. However, deconstructive critics hold that each term in the opposition depends on the other for meaning and as such it is c lear that Prospero masterly position in the play is directly related to Calibans servile or beastly existence. A deconstructive understanding of the text shows The Tempest is not merely a story of an island denizen and his master on the other hand, the text aims at breaking the legacy of colonialism or imperialism that underpinned Britains history of slavery and empire. It can thus be seen that The Tempest deals with the themes of power and control within a master slave relationship between Prospero and Caliban. Caliban remains a servant to many masters varying from his mother Sycorax, the original colonizer to Stephano whom he takes as his own master to challenge Prospero. One can clearly notice that a number of characters in the play compete for the colonial control of the island and each one has specific colonial ambitions for the island. Even though Prospero succeeds in retaining the control of the island against all conspiracies his rule and the way he treats Caliban who is th e rightful owner of the island raises questions of fairness, morality and rights. Thus, it is evident that the play depicts all the necessary tensions, uncertainties and master-slave relations that characterise colonialism and both Prospero and Caliban are signifiers for the greater imperial world order.

Summary and write a crytical analysis to article Essay - 1

Summary and write a crytical analysis to article - Essay slipnvestment in software and hardware that allowed workers better technologies to perform their jobs more efficiently during the period 2001 to 2005, the driving factor was technological progress whereby companies learned new ship canal to use their equipment more efficiently to reorganize the production and distribution processes.In the year 2005, U.S. productivity grew from 2.9% from 2004. This rate easily surpassed the average 2-1/4% even though its fourth-quarter in fact recorded a fall of 0.5% as compared to the third-quarter. In the same year, unit push back cost grew 2.6% from 2004. Businesses more than covered the added compensation costs with higher prices. On average, the labor cost of manufacturing a given item jumped 2.6%, but the price of the same item increased faster (at 2.8%). The overall interpretation of 2005 is that U.S. productivity grew strongly, tight labor markets and upward pressure on wages did not cause problems, and profit margins held up well.Acceleration in unit labor costs sets off the inflation alarm. The last time this happened was in the late 1990s, when the growth of unit labor costs exploded upwards from 0.7% in 1996 to 4.2% in 2000. The inflation threat was however diffused when four factors prevented U.S. companies from increasing prices to offset additional production costs, forcing them to make do with severely reduced profit margins sooner a huge excess in global production capacity in the wake of the 1997 Asian crisis the financial upheaval caused by the Russian debt failure in 1998 global labor markets were not tight due to soft world growth and, the U.S. dollar had strengthened considerably against other world currencies.In 2006 however, the global economic scenario is different. The Japanese economy is showing signs of revival after a long slump Chinese demand is soaking up capacity throughout Asia global labor markets are tighter in response to accelerat ing world growth and the U.S. dollar has weakened considerably,

Wall Street Journal Opinion Article Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Wall Street Journal Opinion Article - Essay ExampleThis is because this could automatically furbish up the gross domestic product of the countries in which the investors originate from.The greatest effect was felt from the withdrawal of the worlds super power-Americas bank-Merrill Linch. The bank had anticipated a GDP rise of about 7.6% but due to the drawback they were now expecting a rise of about 7.2% (Ellison 74).They therefore withdrew from China so as to maintain a unshakable economy in their country. However the banks management stated that they did not expect China to experience financial strain or evening suffer a drop in their economy as a result of the drawback (Ellison 78). They also added that the Chinese government has the opportunity to stabilize their economy disrespect the unfolding that took place.However, there is lock in risk of these potential investors to withdraw from the business as it is expected that the growth forecast of Nomura Company will drop to 7. 3% from7.5%.The CNBC come on presumed that this may pose risk to the annual target of the company that was at 7.4% (Ellison 67).Conversely from a press release of an official government statement, investors were assured that the country would still be able to maintain their economic growth within reasonable limits disdain the drawback that had occurred. The government official added that the debt risks of the county were manageable and that they would have no instances of default despite there being evidence that one company had defaulted (Ellison 69).According to data obtained from a survey conducted by the Fact sheet, it was noted that since July 2010, this was the first time that sloven products were being sold below $ 3a pound (Ellison 76). This is critical to investors who have engaged in the business as this is termed as spoilt business on their part. This is because they cannot be able to sell their products at high prices

The Argument of Plato's Republic Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

The Argument of Platos Republic - Essay ExampleWould he still choose to tell hardly the truth to a person in such a state? correspond to Socrates, therefore, saying the truth and retuning what one has caused do not train to be justice. In that case, truth telling and giving back is not justice. Polemarchus, inheriting the argument from Cephalous went ahead to give his understanding of justice. According to Polemarchus, justice sum giving favor to friends and mistreating enemies. That is, it is what renders good to friends when he is good and harms to enemies when he is bad. Socrates contradicts his description on the basis of what circumstances should the just man can benefit from friends and receive evil from enemies. According to him, Polemarchus refers to justice as a kind of stealing to benefit friends and harm enemies. It is just to wrong the unjust. Differentiating between friends and enemies becomes difficult, therefore. Many people who look good in many cases are not. S ocrates gives an example of one who is skilled to give a blow as the one most cautious to fearless a guard from a blow. Polemarchus admits the argument saying he did not know what he meant. He still believes, though, that justice benefits friends and harm enemies. Thrasymachus then came into the conversation. According to him, the just is the advantage of the stronger. He points out various regimes of rule such as tyrants, democracy rules, and aristocracy. According to him, the popular opinion party sets the goals and laws. Justice, therefore, is the advantage obtained by the ruling party.

Critical evaluate (debate) the positive (good) and negative (bad) Essay

Critical evaluate (debate) the positive (good) and negative (bad) influence of companionship management and organizational learning to an organization to form competitive advantage - Essay Examplent position in this as they are the real knowledge producers and hence either stark naked knowledge that a company looks for is produced courtesy through these people. (Rocca, 1992) Competitive success is prefatoryally commanded by the companys capability to harness and indeed develop new forms of knowledge, gained either by observation or by experience attained, which can be called as assets that in turn create the required core competencies of the give tongue to organization. (Sims, 2002)While these competencies do exist in many forms, learning on the part of a particular company plays a pivotal role, which eventually ventures into different resources of knowledge to generate high-class and exceptional showing from the companys employees. (Dunn, 2001) Core competencies, which usuall y flow out of a company, provide characteristic benefits to both(prenominal) the customers as well as any other individuals attached with it. These are generally espied as being the foundation of forming a competitive advantage inside the said company. (Chang, 2001)It is quite true that there is a host of ways in which new knowledge within a company is facilitated within its ranks. The motif here is to classify them with respect to their importance, which include the cultural infrastructure can be changed within a company so as to gather somewhat proportion to the fact of the actual remains that have to be taken care of in the company and in its employees minds. It demands idealization and disclosure of everlasting knowledge that is created over a certain period of time. This usually requires basic changes to already set cultural notions in companies and more so in the minds of their employees. (Fahy, 1996) Also practicable infrastructure is changed through human resources organ izational practices that are managed and received by the employees and other people in a different way altogether.A basic revamping of a knowledge-centered company is required here, which would involve the job ladders, compensations,

Replace airport Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Replace airdrome - Assignment ExampleThe official advice to the Mayor and metropolis Council is to go ahead and re order the existing airport for funding and safety purposes. The major obstacle to this plan seems to be where to build the new airport. The consensus seems to be to locate the new airport in the Aladdin area and the articles mention no other possible locations, so perhaps that is the best option. If not, the location of the new airport moldiness be fully considered first and foremost.According to Aviation eBrief (2010), the cost of the new airport could be up to $22 million. Selling the flowing airport could upraise a portion of those funds. The main funding for the project would come from the Washington State Department of Transportation and the Federal Aviation Administration. The selling of the Woods signaling across from the airport could also raise a portion of those funds.One of the pros of the new airport is that it would contain a 5,000-foot runway, which is longer than the one at the current airport. According to AOPA (2010), We assume that the urban center will have to establish funding relationships with other agencies in order to succeed with this project and that the sale of the current airport and airport properties would be used to generate city revenues. We also estimated that the operations and maintenance for the relocated airport facility would break even, with about $160,000 in yearly expenses and $156,000 income. The pros would also include added revenue to the city, more funding options, and a more functional airport that could truly benefit the city.A con of the project is that the city would have to foot the remaining bill of the airport, which could be up to $840,000. Another con is that it is impossible to predict exactly where the funds would come from for every iodine portion of the project. There is also no guarantee that the Federal Aviation Administration would fund

Critical Thinking and Deecision Making Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Critical Thinking and Deecision Making - Essay Examplehed in Psychology Today, the author disclosed that the study of unconscious bias is revealing the unsettling truth we all use stereotypes, all the time, with by knowing it. We have met the antagonist of equality, and the enemy is us (Paul par. 1).The finding means that despite ones conscious awareness to prevent classifying people, the unconscious mind apparently plays a crucial percentage in the process. One could rationalize that since stereotyping had actually been a product of societys influences that extends beyond contemporary time frame, the unconscious mind has somehow save a memory of prejudices and classifications through observed behavior in the external environment. It is however beneficial that through the course on critical thinking, one is sufficient to apply both inductive and deducting reasoning to discern which statements comprise a valid and sound argument. As aptly revealed in Pauls hold Stereotypes are ca tegories that have gone too farWhen we use stereotypes, we take in the gender, the age, the color of the skin of the person before us, and our minds respond with messages that say hostile, stupid, slow, weak. Those qualities arent out there in the environment. They dont reflect reality (Paul par.

History of HTML Essay Example for Free

History of hypertext markup language Essayhypertext markup language or HyperText Markup Language is the prevalent and most currently most popular language for creating web pages. It is a well-designed language to describe the structure of text-based information in a document by using certain tags referred to as HTML tags and using certain text links, heads, paragraphs, tables, lists and headings. While HTML is written in the form of tags, surrounded by fee brackets. HTML can also describe, to some degree, the appearance and semantics of a document, and can include embedded forms, and other scripting language codes, which can affect the behavior of nett browsers and other HTML processors. It is assumed that what make this language a very popular web development language is its English-like characteristic which makes it relatively easy to comprehend, and instruct the tags as compared to most other languages. It was in the late 1980s, when the physicist Tim Berners-Lee, who was an independent contractor at CERN, proposed and prototyped ENQUIRE, a system for CERN researchers to use and share documents. In 1989, Berners-Lee and CERN Robert Cailliau, a entropy systems engineer from CERN, each submitted separate proposals for an Internet-based hypertext system providing similar functionality.The following year, they collaborated on a joint proposal, the Worldwide Web (W3) project this proposal was accepted by CERN and as of now, and the project continued to grow from the day that it was developed, and continuous to grow up until present. In the advent of the interne and in the continuous increase in its popularity, came parallel the advent of the web-development language HTML. Although it has already been an accepted and established concept in the field of academics as early as the 1940s.It was with the advent of he individualized computer that hypertext came into popularity. Bill Atkinson came up with the astounding idea in the late 1980s. It was then the h e and his team developed Hypercard, an application for the Macintosh Operating System. Hypercard allows users to shape a series of on-screen filing cards that would be able to contain text and graphics. Users can also navigate through these filing cards by pressing on-screen buttons, which were designed for simple and plain navigation. Hypercard easily became popular and was integrated on many other applications.Toolbox, for Personal Computers was developed and popularized in the 1990s for hypertext learn courses. These courses came up with a more advanced navigation system wherein viewers or users were able to view pages with buttons which can help them navigate forward or backward or jump to a topic. Hypercard and its co-programs easily became popularized, however they were still held back by certain limitations. The major(ip) limitation was that hypertext jumps were only allowed to be do to files on the same computer.Hypertext umps to computers on other countries or on the oth er side of the world were still not possible. Hypertext communication was still on the local anaesthetic scale and not purchasable in the global scale. It the increasing demands for global scale hypertext communication that the HTML came into advent. HTML has had a development-span of roughly seven years. During that time, it has evolved from a simple language with a small number of tags to a complex system of mark-up tags, enabling authors to create visually stunning web pages complete with choke and animation.Basically, the language developed from HTML+, HTML 2, HTML 3. 2, HTML 4. And finally HTML 5, which was released in 2008. A document called HTML Tags, was the first publicly available description of the HTML. This was known to public by Tim Berners-Lee in 1991. It describes 22 elements comprising the initial, relatively simple design of HTML, thirteen of these elements still exist up to HTML 4. At that time, Berners-Lee considered HTML to be an application of Standard Gener alized Markup Language or SGML.However, it was not formally announced until the mid-1993 publication, by the IETF, of the first proposal for an HTML specification. Berners-Lee and Dan Connollys made an internet draft, Hypertext Markup Language (HTML). This include an SGML document type definition to define the grammar. The HTML and HTML+ drafts expires in 1994, and that was when IETF created an HTML Working Group, which in 1995 stainless HTML 2. 0, the first HTML specification intended to be treated as a standard against which future implementations should be based. HTML 2. 0 included ideas from the HTML and HTML+ drafts.HTML 2. 0 became the standard for website design until the year 1997. By then, more people were using HTML, and while the previous standards offered some fair abilities, people thirsted for more abilities and tags as to be able to better enhance the appearance of their websites. At this time, a HTML working group, led by Dave Raggett introduced HTML 3. 0. It inclu ded many new and improved abilities for HTML, and promised far more powerful opportunities to HTML users. HTML 4. 0 was recommended by W3C in 1997 and became the official standard in April 1998.Browser support was undertaken surprisingly earnestly by Microsoft in their Internet Explorer browser HTML 4. 0 was a large evolution of the HTML standards, and the last version of the classic HTML. At present, the newest version of the HTML is HTML 5. 0. It was published as a working draft by W3C last January 22, 2008, and includes major revisions in the core language of the World Wide Web, HTML. In this version, new features, elements and functionalities had been introduced to aid web developers to further improve the appearance and back-end structure of websites.

Self-esteem and Self-image Essay Example for Free

Self-esteem and Self-image EssayIf we feel good close to ourselves that whitethorn lead us to brighter futures and an enjoyable life, or it may lead to dilemma and problems in managing or surviving in life.Influences on self-importance-conceptAgeAge makes a huge dissimilarity to the focussing children illustrate themselves and to the representation adults think about(predicate) their lives. Our self-concept grows and changes as we grow older. When you argon in a young age you are not as much anxious about the way you illustrate them selves, but when you are more mature and elder you are more conscious. see moreexplain how individual identity and self esteem are linkedAppearanceSomewhere between 10 and 12 years of age, children start to analyse the ways which they are alike or not like others. The physical shape of our body, our height, weight, hair, eyes and skin colour all befool an influence on our self image. Most people peculiarly teenagers believe that there is an id eal image. When we view ourselves as good looking and give ourselves positive images this builds up our self-esteem, whereas giving ourselves a negative image then(prenominal) it may make us feel awful or affect our self-esteem.G sackerBasic matters such as sexual characteristics and civilization will be most important reasons why a person creates a self-image. Most people arrive at a specific age which they start to decide that they do not like or feel comfortable in the gender that they are. For examples homosexuals.Culture and SocialisationPeople produce an icon of themselves based on information obtainable in their background. People have diverse traditions and ways of thinking, this consist of the followingDifferent beliefs about marriage, for instants, dissimilar faiths and neighbourhoods have different viewpoints about marriage and sexMediaPeople may judge themselves with the representations of other people depicted in the media. Media represents things like internet sites, magazines, television, newspapers, music, radio and DVDs. Families choose what they feel is divert media for the children, but as we grow older we began to become independent and choose what we feel is appropriate for us to watch.IncomeDeveloping in a Low-income household may persuade a persons self-image and self-esteem. This can persuade an individuals self-concept because of the opportunities connected with our familys income.Relationships with family and friendsSelf-image and Self-esteem is extremely influenced by family members and friends. This is because of the way we are spoken to and the ways are families and friends act about us. If an individual gets along with their family and friends, they may feel love and wanted by them.AbuseIf a person is mistreated this may damage the view of themselves and my end up with a low self-esteem, they may insolate themselves and finish off by taking their own lives.EducationLearning success may alter a persons self-esteem. Later in li fe we experience life at college and university, this also verifies change and what we think about ourselves and others, having a good education may let students have easy access to a well-paid job.Emotional health and well-beingPoor emotional health may produce trouble with self-concept. The way we see ourselves is influenced by our school. But later on in life we may experience change in the way we see ourselves for the reason that we have different college and university friends.EnvironmentThe area we live in may persuade us to see ourselves in a different way, e.g. we may feel that we are different from people who receive good income and receive good quality education and health.

Abercrombie & Fitch vs Armani Essay Example for Free

Abercrombie Fitch vs Armani EssayFierce, work it, bespoke, somber,, covert couture, edgy, fashion forward, aspirational, faux pas, so last season, glamourista, retro-futurism, these ar some of the words most familiar to fashionistas around the world. Milan, Paris, New York City, London, and Tokyo these be the cities to be in if you want to know what each designer is preparing for succeeding(a) season, places to be if you want the best and new collection for your clothes.Nowadays, designers know not only that they need the newest and finest clothes but also the psychological salute that leave behind make the consumer want to buy their clothes. Abercrombie Fitch and Armani both(prenominal) employ the same type of models, but Armani the one that appeals to more conservative and upscale customers is more effective. The designers intake the same type of models in their ads. They employ typical young models, athletic, handsome, charming, radiant, almost angelic. They know ho w to target their audience and appeal to their emotions because most of the consumers want to look same the models in their circulatements.The models that they put in the ads argon those who the everyday consumer doesnt resemble. The designer implies that buying the product will make the consumer look like the model. Ultimately, both designers appeal to a certain type of consumer and demographics according to their style of clothing design. Less clothes and more revealing is what Abercrombie Fitch commercializes and advertises. In New York, their store has semi-naked models come up to customers. Some of the models might only he habiliment jeans, and, in other cases, they might be walking around in their underwear.See more Homelessness as a social problem EssayTheir target audience is the guy next door outgoing, fun, young, athletic, casual, and, most of all, nice-looking. In this particular ad, Abercrombie and Fitch use black and white contrast. The scene gives the illusion of how the costumer would feel like in paradise, and where everything is laid back and where there are no problems. Their models are not wearing shirts, and the scene is casual contrast. The scene sends the consumer into the outdoors, in the spring, and where the fun is endless, priceless, and where the perfect place to be is and all of your wild dreams come true. Couture and sophistication brands Armani.Classic and cultivated is how they advertise and commercialize. When consumers hear this brand, they automatically think of blase, refined, elegant, luxury, and conservative. Their target audience is upper programme with refined taste, a working man who wants to feel important and cultivated, the class of customers who are not only going to spend money but also know the quality of the product. In this ad, the designer picked an upscale place to shoot and the basis is mainly black.. The ad was shot in black and white but the consumer still can distinguish the color of the models cloth es and bag.The ad also evokes a fine of classic dissipate and elegance, and lures the consumer into an era of where wealth and refined is everything. The ad transports the consumer into a fantasy dream of how he would look with those clothes on and what kind of life style you can have. Both Abercrombie Fitch and Armani hire a specific type models, the models have to be over 6 ft tall, slimmed and tone, perfect cheek bones, blond and black hair, porcelain face, and almost like a creature send from heaven. However, they differ in how they promote their product.One believes semi-naked models are more marketable while the other goes for the extravagance and exquisiteness. Abercrombie Fitch and Armani are known worldwide. Their type of advertisement works because they appeal to different audiences. Abercrombie Fitch pushes the envelope in the sexuality and homoeroticism. Armani stays traditional and conservative and doesnt push the envelope in sexuality. Their product has a tremendo us impact in our society, dictating class and taste in clothes, imagine of success, income, and whether or not the consumer fashionista.These two particular brands have an impact on my life because I have worn both designer clothes, and Armani is my favorite designer. Even if the consumer didnt know who Armani was or what is sells, just by looking at this ad, it captivates the consumer with its style of model, clothes, accessory, and allure of black and white film that puts the consumer into this trance of what their life would be like and how they would look like if they owned Armani clothes.

Industrialised Building System for Malaysia Public Housing

modify create System for Malaysia Public Ho exploitationThe Malaysia body structure pains plays an important role in generating wealth to the country and development of social and economic infrastructures and twist. The intentness provides job opportunities for 800,000 people which represented 8% of total workforce (CIMP, 2006). The twist industry is genius of the productive sectors that constantly contribute to the economy. correspond to CIDB (2003), the IBS is a turn of events technique in which components ar fabricate in a controlled environment (on or tally identify), transported, positioned and assembled into a structure with minimal additional site works. IBS is not new to the seduceion industry in Malaysia. Only it has now remerged worldwide into the 21st carbon as a reasonable solution to improve overall social organisation image and performance. The Malaysia government has sp ard no effort to bring IBS to the drawing tables of all professionals bear on in the built environment. Based on the IBS Roadmap (2003), the IBS Roadmap 2003-2010 has been endorsed by the Cabinet of Ministers to be the blueprint document for the industrialisation of the Malaysia construction sector.This is because under the Seventh Malaysia Plan (1996-2000) the governing body of Malaysia for the first time to introduced the Low Medium Cost Ho development category (the previously it was classified unitedly with medium comprise house category) due to the unendingly increasing demand for house in this category. In additional, it is to ensure that the middle low income free radical with salary ranging from RM1,501.00 to RM2,500.00 per month and able to own a house. However, the price of low medium cost hovictimization argon round RM42,001.00 to RM60,000.00 per unit only. Using IBS in this types of housing attend ar more suitable because spirited volume and stability of demand for buildings is the advantages of using IBS. Besides that, it allow for to a f ault reduce the selling price of low medium cost housing.The IBS is a manufactured the building components at factories (off site manufacture), go away enable cost saving safety and health productivity and attribute improvement through the reduction of ride intensity and construction standardisation. Apart from this manner acting, it also offers minimal site wastage, less site materials, cleaner and neater environment, controlled smell, and lower total construction costs.Using utmoster piece of IBS in the construction of state-supported housing and other building projects will provide better productivity, type, and safety, especially for the total construction time saving and cost saving. IBS will contribute towards a better construction industry, as well as improve the global competitiveness of Malaysian builders. Nowadays, IBS in Malaysia become more popularity in the construction industry especially for the political sympathies project. An early effort by the Government of Malaysia to promote usage of IBS and develop an Open Building establishment (OBS) c erstpt as an alternative to conventional and lug intensive construction order acting has yet to make headway. jibe to Works Minister Datuk Mohd Zin Mohamed, the prefabricated parts will be used in all Government projects in a proposal to reduce the dependence on foreign workers. Besides that, it wills also minify inherent social problems involving these foreign workers. The use of prefabricated parts was part of the IBS which would be adopted for all Government projects. The Government of Malaysia has couched all government agencies carrying divulge development and peoples housing projects to use at least 70% IBS content in those projects.AimA study into using IBS in the universe housing in Malaysia and the popularity apply in the construction.ObjectivesTo study the history of IBS in public housing.To study the categorisation of various types of IBS and apply to public housing.To identif y the benefits and barriers of the IBS in public housing.To identify as a potential order to improve overall construction performance.To identify as a popularity for public housing.HypothesisApply IBS into public housing will be one of the better construction brasss to construct the building. For the future, the IBS will become more and more popularity for construction industry in Malaysia. For the construction cost, time and quality, IBS will be the better one to control all the construction cost, to speed up the construction times and to provide mettlesome quality of components.BackgroundSince early 1960s, IBS has been introduced in Malaysia by the use of precast concrete beam-column element and dining tableized carcass (Thanoon, 2003). Nearly, 22.7 acres of land along Jalan Pekeliling was dedicated to the project comprising seven-spot occlusions of 17-storey flats (about 3,000 units of low-cost flat and 40 expose lots). These first archetype projects are using the Danis h System of pear-shaped panels in a prefabricated governance. The second pilot project is a six block of 17-storey flats and trinity blocks of 18-storey flats at Jalan Rifle Range and using French Estoit System.Apply the IBS in the construction industry will improve overall construction performance such as standardization, total quality improvement, reduce defect, waste reduction, cost saving and etc. But cipher in this world is perfect, so some barriers of using IBS in the construction industry will be the poor knowledge of install IBS, want of guidance, lack of professional trained in IBS and etc.Based on IBS Roadmap (2003), IBS Roadmap 2003-2010 was developed and published to steer the direction of IBS implementation and promotion activities and guide the practitioners and policy makers on IBS related issues.Scope and limitation of studyThis paper shall identify the common types of IBS in the construction industry and apply into public housing in order to determine their imp act on construction projects and popularity for the public housing. This study is part of the ongoing research appraising and analyzing how we use the IBS in construction and how many a(prenominal) ploughshare of IBS are using in the construction project. Therefore, this study will imply the following areasDefinition of IBS in public housing.The history of the IBS for public housing in Malaysia.Classification of IBS in Malaysia.Various types of IBS in construction industry and which one is more useful for public housing.The advantages and disadvantages of using IBS for public housing.The selling price and the popularity using IBS for public housing to the contractor. query MethodologyLiterature ReviewIn the beginning, literature review was conducted to determine an overall idea regarding IBS for public housing. This refers to collecting the latest secondary data and information from different sources which including books, journals, magazines, dissertations, conference papers, a nd information from the internet. These materials were used for background reading to obtain full understanding and information studyed for raillery and analysis in the research.QuestionnairesA questionnaire is a research instrument consisting of a series of questions and other prompts for the purpose of gathering information from respondents. The questions will centre on the KL areas mentioned in the above fair games. A multi-option format will be designed and limited to about 30 questions, in order to obtain a high level of response.Project Plan and ScheduleChapter 1 IntroductionThis chapter will include the project title, rationale of the study, scope and limitation of study, research goals and methodology. In addition, aims, objective and hypothesis of the study are included under the research goals.Chapter 2 Literature ReviewThis chapter will display the definition of IBS, history of IBS for public housing, variety of IBS in Malaysia, and benefits and barriers of using IBS in construction project for public housing and this literature review will base on the dissertation objectives.Chapter 3 Research MethodologyThis chapter will discuss on the technique for data collection to achieve the dissertations aim and objective. Besides, it also includes the research sample and method of analysis for the feedback obtained from the respondents.Chapter 4 Data AnalysisThis chapter wills purviews and analysisthe data collectionfrom the contractor, consultant and developer of people about their opinions, behaviour or knowledge.Chapter 5 ConclusionThe conclusion will include summary on the dissertation from chapter 1 to chapter 4 together all the research result to present the overall findings and make appropriate recommendations.ReferencesCIDB, 2003. IBS Roadmap 2003-2010. Malaysia CIDB.CIDB, 2003. National IBS Survey, 2003. Malaysia CIDB.Kamar, K.A.M.,Alshawi,M. And Hamid,Z.,(2009). Barriers to industrialized Building System (IBS) The Case of Malaysia. pdf Unit ed farming IPGRC. Available at http//www.cream.com.my/publications/whitepapers/Abstract111.pdf. Accessed 15 May2010Mohd Rofdzi Abdullah, Kamarul Anuar Mohd Kamar, Mohd Nasrun Mohd Nawi, Ahmad Tarmizi Haron, Mohammed Arif, (2009). Industrialised Building System A Definition and Concept. pdf United Kingdom ARCOM. Available at http//www.cream.com.my/publications/whitepapers/Arcom.pdf. Accessed 05 May 2010CHAPTER 2LITERATURE REVIEW2.0 IntroductionThis chapter will explain in details and provide the literature review of Industrialised Building System (IBS). Besides that, it will also cover the literature review of building clay. Usually, the contents of this chapter are including definitions of IBS, history of IBS in public housing, classification of IBS, types of IBS, characteristic of IBS, benefits and barriers of using IBS in public housing, IBS Roadmap 2003-2010 and IBS scoring system.2.1 Definitions of IBSUntil the present time there has been no single commonly-approved definition of IBS. IBS can be different industry players to define different things. However, there are difference resources to define the several definitions that reflected the concept of IBS and which widely accepted by the construction industry.According to CIDB Malaysia (2001) defines IBS as a construction technique in which components are manufactured in a controlled environment (on or off site), transported, positioned and assembled into a structure with minimal additional site works. As such, components that are being prefabricated in a controlled environment on site are also considered as IBS. While there are numerous descriptions of the IBS concept by local researchers, all of the definitions stressed on prefabrication and mass end product.In other definition by Warswaski (1999), the IBS can be defined in which all building are mass produced such as walls, slabs, beams, columns and staircases either in factory or at site factory under unyielding quality control and minimal wet site activities. Industrialisation process is an investment in equipment, facilities and engineering with the purpose of maximising production output, minimizing labour fatality and improving total quality while a building system is defined as a set of interconnected element that joint together to enable the designated performance of a building.Based on Lessing et al (2005) explained IBS as an integrated manufacturing and construction process with well planned organization for efficient management, readiness and control over resources used, activities and results supported by the used of highly developed components.Rahman Omar (2006) defined IBS as a construction system that is built using prefabricated components. The manufacturing of the components is systemati bellowy done using machine, formworks and other forms of mechanical equipment. The components are manufactured offsite and once completed will be delivered to construction sites for assembly and erection.Chung Kadir (2007 ) defined IBS as a mass production of building components either in factory or at site according to the specification with standard shape and dimensions and transport to the construction site to be re-arranged with certain standard to form a building.2.2 History of IBS in Public HousingIBS in Malaysia has began in early 1960s, according to Thanoon et al (2003) when Ministry of Housing and Local Government of Malaysia visited several European countries, at the same time evaluates their housing development program. In the year 1964 and after their successful visit, the Government had launched pilot project on using IBS to increase the delivery time and to construct better quality and affordable houses.The first pilot project was constructed at Jalan Pekeliling in Kuala Lumpur and about 22.7 acres of land was dedicated to the project comprising quadruplet blocks of 4-storey flats and seven blocks of 17-storey flats and comprising total about 3,000 units of low cost flats for the low a nd median income group and 40 units of shop lots. This housing project was undertaken by Gammon/ Larsen Nielsen and this project are using the Danish System of large panels in a industrialised prefabricated system. According to Thanoon et al (2003), the construction for housing project was complete from 1966 until 1968 (around total 27 months) speed up the time taken in the construction of the around RM 2.5 million casting yard at Jalan Damansara.In 1965, the Government of Malaysia launched a second project, is a three blocks of 18-storey flats and six blocks of 17-storey flats and comprising total about 3,699 units and 66 units of shop lots along at Jalan Rifle Range in Penang. The housing project was honoured by Hochtief/ Chee Seng and this project are using French Estoit System (Din, 1984). This housing project was complete within 27 months.If we are mention to the two pilot projects, a performance comparison between the IBS and the conventional system has been carried in terms o f cost, productivity, quality, and time. According to the research, the first pilot project incurred 8.1% higher costs than a similar building such as using conventional construction method, while the second pilot project was lower. In term of total construction speed, both of the housing project required total 27 months to complete the whole project, inclusive of time required to set up the recasting factories. The total quality of building finishes was also found to be better than the using conventional construction method.Another earliest using IBS in public housing project was at Taman Tun Sardon in Penang. These using IBS in public housing project total all about 1,000 units of 5-storey walk up flat and this project are using IBS precast component and system. The IBS precast component and system in the housing project was designed to the low cost housing by British Research Establishment and especially for the low and median income group. According to the research of Constructi on Industry Development Board Malaysia (CIDB) 2006, approximately at the same time at Edmonton in North London, there are using similar system was constructed and total amount about 20,000 BRECAST dwellings were constructed throughout UK from 1964 until 1974. Based on Rahman and Omar (2006), the total all building design was very rudimentary and quite a simple and not considering the feature of serviceability such as the local or user needs to consent wet toilet and bathroom.According to the CIDB (2006), many constructions in the following years using precast wall panel system. Low cost high rise residential building is one of the processes to survey that IBS was connect at first place in the construction to overcome the increasing demand for housing needs. For all that, in the earlier stage was neer sustained for the industrialisation of construction. Failure of early closed fabricated system do the industry afraid of changing their construction method. The information was ba sed on the CIDB (2005), using IBS in construction were also found not be so suitable with Malaysia mood and social practices especially for the foreign systems that were introduced during the late 60s and 70s.Introduced than in the construction market were constantly being newer and better technologies. Based on CIDB (2005), identified to be suitable to be used in our tropical climate is the wet joint systems and it was also better to using in the bathroom types which were comparatively wetter than those in the Europe.Another about 1200 units of housing using prefabrication technology were is launched by the Penang State Government in 1978. After two years later, the Ministry of Defense to be build around 2800 units of living quarters and adopted large prefabricated panel construction system in Lumut Naval Base (Trikha and Ali, 2004).Enhance the using of precast concrete system in high rise residential building during the 90s this is because total demand for the new township has se en to increase. According to the research, Perbadaan Kemajuan Negari Selangor (PKNS) as a state Government development agency acquired precast concrete technology from Praton Haus International based on Germany to build low cost housing and high cost bungalows between 1981 and 1993 for the new townships in Selangor (Hassim et al, 2009 and National IBS Survey, 2003). It was recorded then total around 52,000 housing units was constructed and using Praton Haus system.In Malaysian construction industry, using IBS as a method of construction is evolving. Nowadays, more local manufacturers throw away established themselves in the market. Many had acquired enough knowledge through technology transfer to build up own capacity in IBS technologies and this research are base on PKNS Engineering, and Setia Precast and Global Globe.The current stage of IBS used in Malaysia housing projects can be classified into four categories. It was reported that at least 21 manufactures and suppliers of IB S are actively promoting their systems in Malaysia. IBS move to the next step of the development through the establishment of IBS Centre at Jalan Chan Sow Lin, Cheras in Kuala Lumpur. Using IBS in the construction will improve the total performance and quality of construction, as well as to minimize the semiskilled(prenominal) foreign labour in the construction industry.2.3 Classification of Building SystemThere are four types of building system currently available in Malaysias building system classification and this are according to Badir Razali (1998). The building system can be namely as a Conventional Column-beam- slab frame system with timber and plyboard Cast in-situ system with poise or aluminium as formwork the Composite building system and Prefabricated system and this four types of building system is shown as below. Each building system is represented by its respective construction method which is further characterised by its construction technology, functional and geo metrical configuration. There from the four systems, are identified as IBS excluding conventional building system.Building SystemConventional Column-beam- slab frame system with timber and plywood.Cast in-situ system with leaf blade or aluminium as formwork.Composite building systemPrefabricated systemTable FormTunnel FormPanel systemFrame systemBox systemFlow Chart 1 Type of building system in Malaysia.2.3.1 Conventional Construction MethodConventional construction method is defined as components of the building that are prefabricated on site through the processes of timber or plywood formwork installation, trade name reinforcement, and cast in-situ. This construction method is for the most part built of reinforced concrete frames for conventional building. Using the wooden formwork mainly is for the traditionalistic construction method and need take some time to construct the formwork before concreting. This construction method is much more costly for construction which is nee d includes total labour requirement, raw material, transportation and very importance once is low speed of construction.2.3.2 Cast In-Situ Construction MethodThis cast in-situ construction method is more suitable for a country where the unskilled labour is limited. There construction method is not a using heavy machinery or high technology involved. The system is technically and applicable to almost all types of building design. The formwork is used as a mould where wet concrete is poured into a terminable system and the temporary system also acts as a temporary support for the structures.The main objective of a cast in-situ construction method is to weed out and reduce the using traditional timber formwork, brickwork, and plastering. A carefully planned in-situ work can maximise the productivity, speed and accuracy of prefabricated construction. Cast in-situ method uses lightweight prefabricated formwork made of steel or fibreglass or aluminium that is easily erected and dismantle d. The steel reinforcement is placed within the formwork after finishes construct the formwork. After placing the reinforcement they are being erected and concrete is poured into the mould. When the concrete is set and according to the required strength, the moulds are dismantled. The workers can be easily trained to erect the moulds and set the steel reinforcement. These construction methods are required limited labour and it will reduce the total labour need. Its advantages over the conventional construction method include, low skill workers requirement, ready construction, low building maintenance, durable structure and less construction cost.2.3.3 Composite Construction MethodThe main objectives of composite construction method or call partially prefabricated are to improve quality of components, reduce construction cost, and shorten total all construction time. It is used to describe a manufacturing or production strategy that selectively uses some industrialising aspects, whi le avoiding or postponing the use of others. The concept of composite construction method is derived from the composite nature of full industrialisation. The prefabricated construction method is combined in such a manner that the features applied could be prominently demonstrated, especially composing various works such as temporary facilities, building frames, building finishes, and equipments.2.3.4 Prefabricated Construction MethodIn this prefabricated construction method, all structural elements can be standardised are prefabricated in the factory. Usually, this construction method would absorb the assembly of precast elements such as floor slabs, in-filled walls, bathrooms, and staircases into place for incorporation into the main units, columns and beams. This construction method will increase the productivity of the industry and it will reduce the amount of site labour involved in building operations. Precast building systems can reduce the time of a project if certain conditi ons are met.The last three construction methods (from the flow chart 1) are considered as a non conventional construction methods. These three types of construction method are specifically aimed at increasing performance of construction. Through using the better construction machinery, equipment, technology and materials and it will increase the productivity and total quality of work.2.4 Classification of IBSAccording to Badir et al. (1998), IBS can be classified according to several aspects-Classification according to structural system.Classification according to material.Classification according to sexual relation weight of components.2.4.1 Classification According to Structural SystemAccording to Abraham Warszawski (1999), IBS can be classified according structural systematic aspects. The IBS can be classifies into three categories such as-Frame System.Panel system.Boxes system.Figure 1, 2, and 3 below as shows the concept of the system as classified above.2.4.1.1 Frame SystemAcc ording to Badir (1998), linear and frame system is system that use main structure such as column and beam where columns and beams support all the building weight. The walls need to be light and easy to install and concrete panels are introduces as flooring element.2.4.1.2 Panel SystemAccording to Badir (1998), in the panel system, loads are distributed through large floor and wall panels where walls support the building weight. This system is applicable to buildings which functionally require a large number of walls such as apartment house, hotel and hospital. This system is not applicable to buildings with large spans or many stories. So, this panel system is more suitable to build the public housing in the certain high storey.2.4.1.3 Box SystemAccording to Badir (1998), the rectangular or three dimensional systems or boxes system include those systems that employ three dimensional modules or boxes for fabrication of habitable units that is capable of withstanding load from variou s directions due to their internal stability.2.4.2 Classification According to Material2.4.2.1 TimberThe timber have a two types of prefabrication which is ready-cut plus shop fabrication of joints this mostly for the columns and beams and another is structural panels where there are only for walls and floors without columns and beams.2.4.2.2 Brick and Block workLaying of brick or block work are carried out in a mass at factory and transported to site or on site construction. Besides the, building are under construction in the form of panel and then erected.2.4.2.3 SteelSteel construction essentially contains factors of prefabrication which is one of the criteria of IBS. Elements are jointed by welding, rivet or bolting on site. The large proportion of the strength to the weight allows a long-span or high-rise building.2.4.2.4 Reinforced concreteThere are two basic directions in development of reinforced concrete IBS component which is panelised components such as walls and floors and precast frame members such as columns and beams. The characteristic of reinforced concrete has high degree of availability, low material cost, durability, and fire resistance. Jointing at site is the key issue of this system.2.4.3 Classification According to Relative Weight of ComponentThe IBS components can be classified according to their relative weight as show in Table 1 below. Relative to weight of components should be used as a basic for building classification due to the factor of weight has significant impact on the transportability of components and has influence on the production method of the components and their erection method on site.NoGeneral SystemSystemProduction Material1FrameSystem roost weight frameWood, light calibre metalsMedium light weight frameMetal, reinforced plastics, laminated woodHeavy weight frameHeavy steel, concrete2PanelsystemLight and medium weight panelWood frame, metal frameand composite materialHeavy weight panel(factory produced)ConcreteH eavy weight panel(tilt up-produced on site)Concrete3Box system(modules)Medium weight box(mobile)Wood frame, light gagemetal, compositeMedium weight box(sectional)Wood frame, light gagemetal, compositeHeavy weight box(factory produced)ConcreteHeavy box(tunnel produced on site)ConcreteTable 1 Building system classification according to relative weight of component. (Majzub, 1977)2.5 Types of IBS and Apply to Public HousingAccording to CIDB (2003), the IBS is a construction process that using techniques, products, components, or building system which involve prefabricated components and on-site installation. Base on the structure aspects of the system, IBS can be identified into five major groups such as-Precast Concrete Framing, Panel and Box SystemsPrecast concrete elements are the most common type in this area. There are precast concrete for columns, beams, slabs, walls, lightweight precast concrete, and permanent concrete formwork. This all item are consider using precast method. B esides that, it is also consist of 3D components such as balconies, staircases, toilets, bowl over chamber, refuse chambers and etc.This precast method is more famous for the construction industry, especially for the public housing when construct using the IBS. Using this method can saving the total construction time if compare to the conventional method.Steel Formwork SystemsThis is the system formwork which designed by manufacturer to replace a conventional timber formwork. It can be described as a mould which the wet concrete can be poured into the mould and form the required shape.These steel formworks systems are subjected to structural quality control and generally involve site casting. So, this type of IBS method is considered as the low level or least prefabrication in the construction industry. However, this steel formwork systems does offer fast construction and construction time saving and at the same time will provide high quality of finishes with less site labour and m aterial requirement.These steel formwork systems will include table forms, tunnel forms, tilt-up systems, beam and columns moulding forms and permanent steel formworks like metal decks and etc. This steel formwork system also one of the famous system used by the contractor during the construction.Steel Framing SystemsThese steel framing systems have always been the popular choice and used extensively in the fast track construction projects and this system commonly used with precast concrete slabs, steel columns and beams. Current stage of development in this type of IBS includes the increased usage of light steel trusses. It is consisting of cost-effective profiled cold-formed channels and steel portal frame systems as alternatives to the heavier traditional hot-rolled sections.Nowadays, this method is more useful for the housing project, especially for the steel roof trusses (show as below project 6). This is because the timber roof trusses need the labour to take some time to con struct it and lastly need the anti-termite for the timber roof trusses.Prefabricated Timber Framing SystemsThese prefabricated timber framing systems is using the timber in the construction industry for construct the building. Usually the timber framing system are consists of timber building frames and timber roof trusses (show as below figure 7). While the steel framing systems have been the more popular choice on construction industry, but the timber roof truss system also have its own market where it is offering interesting designs from simple dwelling units to buildings requiring high aesthetical values such as chalets for resorts. This prefabricated timber framing system we can see in the traditional building.Block Work SystemsBy using this effective alternative system, the tedious and time-consuming traditional brick laying tasks are greatly simplified. The construction method of using conventional bricks has been revolutionize