Best Christian Bibles for Teens in 2019

Introduction. Conflict Is Inevitable, Be It In The Workplace

Introduction Conflict is inevitable, be it in the workplace or outside the work place. The reason is that people are from diverse backgrounds and thus have different ideas and opinions. In the workplace, employees are expected to work together towards achieving the company’s goals. The management needs to find ways to resolve conflicts that may arise so as to ensure that there is increased production. Conflict management is important and it entails being able to identify and handle conflicts in a manner that is sensible, fair and efficient. The five conflict styles according to Kenneth W. Thomas and Ralph H. Kilmann are accommodation, avoidance, collaboration, competition and compromise, (Schneider Brown 2013). Difference between†¦show more content†¦Individuals compete for status and position in firms, and at times they get for their ability to achieve business goals by being the better than other internal employees or external business competitors. For instance, sales and marketing jobs in most cases are a healthy form of competition within the organization. The employees are mostly paid on a sales commission basis and this makes the individuals to strive to sell more of the company’s products. In the process, the firm will increase their sales, market share and overall profitability. Successful leaders exhibit the capability to strategically use their competitive energy and skills for personal and professional gain. Thus, competition encourages hard work and ensures that social laws are observed. Unhealthy competition As far as competition is healthy, at times it may lead to conflicts hence leading to negative results different from what competition is intended for. This mostly happens when competition is excessively or inappropriately used. Every individual is struggling to prove to be the best or most valuable to the company and as such, this can lead to disputes among team members. Unhealthy competition arises where there is misuse of power or where individuals compete with the aim of â€Å"defeating the enemy†. â€Å"Myers-Briggs research suggests that people who like to be competitive in addressing differences approach problems objectively, using facts and data, and are not inclined to be veryShow MoreRelatedEmployee Relations And The Workplace956 Words   |  4 PagesIntroduction ‘Employee relations’ is a term used to refer to a study of the rules, regulation, and agreements used to manage workers either as a collective group or as individuals (Leat, 2008, p. 3; Waiganjo Nge the, 2012). Conflict at the workplace is the inevitable issues that stem from interaction between employees and employers. On the other hand, a strike is an industrial action and a collective way in which employees voice their dispute once negotiations do not bear fruits. According toRead MoreInvestigating The Conflicts Within Organizations And Will Be Concentrate On Its Specific Source Of Conflicts1396 Words   |  6 PagesINTRODUCTION This paper will aim to analysis and discuss the conflicts within organisation and will be concentrate on its specific source of conflicts. It will also focus on the recent main issues within electronic manufacturer which the phenomenon of suicide and over work time, with regard of the economical environment. In addition, political environment and interpersonal relationship which will influencing conflicts will be considered in this paper. Such source of conflicts appear increasinglyRead MoreWorkplace Conflict Resolution Pl Effective And Healthy Lifestyle902 Words   |  4 PagesWorkplace Conflict Resolution Plan Introduction: Conflict in the workplace is inevitable. Under normal circumstances, the conflict is due to different values, personality, opinions, and goals and needs human outbreak. Workplace seems to establish the value of differences and different points of view, which is what leads to specific conflicts. However, the conflict is not always a bad thing. This may lead to innovative solutions, people with similar views and opinions, it is not possible. The keyRead MoreConflicts Within The Workplace Are Inevitable1428 Words   |  6 PagesBUS 3021 Theme 1 Conflicts in Organisations Conflicts within the workplace are inevitable. Conflict is ever present for organisations and how these conflicts are dealt with defies the difference between how they operate. In this essay I will be considering organisational conflicts and discuss whether conflict is something organisations can resolve. I will be discussing the nature of work and how this impacts on individual’s in their everyday organisational life. Due to the current climate the governmentRead MoreQuestions On Conflict Management On The Workplace1454 Words   |  6 Pages Conflict Management: How to resolve conflict in the workplace? Mariann Wright Johnson Wales University Introduction Conflict happens in any working relationship and it should not be avoided or ignored. Diversity is the cause of conflict in the workplace because in almost every organization there is different cultures and nationalities, and employees with different experiences, values, beliefs, and opinions. When conflict arises in the workplace it is the manager’s responsibilityRead MoreThe Video Game Industry Is A Billion Dollar Industry With An Ever Growing Fan Base896 Words   |  4 Pages Research Paper Draft Bhavan Vaidya Full Sail University Introduction The video game industry is a billion dollar industry with an ever-growing fan base. Nowadays, video games production companies are investing high amount of money in this business to develop games for fan. They also need people working and they are hiring employees that can help a game to produce a batter example for future. Thus, management and leadership is an important factor to lead a team. Lead a team ofRead MoreManaging Conflict Through Communication Essay1208 Words   |  5 PagesIntroduction Not every person is going to get along on a daily basis, and in a confined space. There’s going to be conflicts in every environment especially in the workplace where most people spend the greater part of the day. Conflict is hard to define because every situation is different, it could be either tangible or intangible in the case of feelings. Conflict resolution is a task not easily handled, and it can be really disparaging if not properly taken care of when it is identified. Read MoreCounseling993 Words   |  4 PagesIntroduction to Counseling Written Assignment # 1 I. What is professional counseling? Discuss the most recent trends in counseling. Professional counseling is a service provided voluntary and confidential with the focus on the developmental, situational problems of individuals of all ages and culture. Professional counselors help individuals to make decisions and resolve conflicts. Counselors provide service on different settings like the workplace, schools, colleges and other placesRead MoreRelationship Between The Senior Management Team Of A Company And The Junior Employees1392 Words   |  6 PagesIntroduction Interpersonal communication plays a very important role in an organization. It enabled employees from different departments to harmoniously work together towards the achievement of common shared goals. In fact, successful business relationships can only be maintained if employees hold impeccable interpersonal communication skills. In this paper, the focus will be on the business relationship between the senior management team of a company and the junior employees. In mostRead MoreQuestions On Dealing With Conflict953 Words   |  4 Pages Gregory Long February 23, 2016 MG 5017 (Program Management) Dr. Dave Clapp Dealing with Conflict Introduction Conflict in the workplace can and will happen. Dealing with different people that come from different backgrounds with different ideas and thoughts, it’s inevitable that conflict will occur. Conflicts, however, if handled in the early stages can be resolved. Conflicts exist in almost every organization and to a certain degree can be viewed as a healthy exchange of creativity

Parliamentary Sovereignty

Question: Evaluate whether Parliament is sovereign, giving consideration to judicial power and the effect of the European Convention on Human Rights (ECHR) on the law of England and Wales. Answer: Introduction The Doctrine of Parliamentary Sovereignty is ingrained in the British Constitution; however, this is no longer absolute as the concept is evolving.[1] Historically, parliamentary sovereignty was held above all else[2] with the exception of the Doctrine of Implied Repeal as exemplified in Vauxhall Estates v Liverpool Corporation[3] where a future legislative assembly could not be bound by a sitting one through statute. Consequently, it is a logical assumption is that the judiciary cannot challenge the sovereignty of parliament as it has unlimited legislative powers superseding the courts.[4] In exercise of their judicial powers, courts have elicited great discourse on the impact of the Human Rights Act 1998 (HRA) and the European Convention on Human Rights (ECHR) on the parliaments supremacy. It is, therefore, important to evaluate the evolution of this doctrine considering the concepts of judicial power and judicial review as per the provisions of the HRA 1998 and the ECHR. Parliamentary Sovereignty and HRA Act 1998 In theory, judicial power is defined as the authority exercised by an arm of government to hear, determine and make judgements.[5] Judges exercise their legislative power when they interpret statutes without any reference to members of parliament.[6] In the UK, sections 2 and 3(1) of the HRA 1998 give the judiciary interpretive powers on Conventional Rights and primary legislation in relation to these rights. All UK law is subject to interpretation in a manner that is compatible with the 1998 Act.[7] This leaves the power to enforce human rights with the judiciary; an increase in the courts powers at the expense of parliament.[8] There is a variance of opinion on the effect of the expansion of the courts judicial powers on parliamentary sovereignty. In R (Jackson) v Attorney General,[9] Lady Hale stated that by enacting the 1998 Act parliament had limited its own powers. This is because the provisions of the HRA 1998 provide judges with the obligation to surpass conventional domestic law while performing their interpretive duty.[10] It is important to note that the effectiveness of courts depends on the willingness of other arms of government to abide by their decisions.[11] In as much as courts are encouraged to be more radical in their interpretation, they can only do so within the current limits of law.[12] In re (S) (Care Order: Implementation of Care Plan),[13] the court held that the HRA 1998 aims to protect sovereignty and as such the previous courts ruling had unjustifiably exceeded its interpretive mandate and was instead altering law under the guise of interpretation.[14] Courts have the power, under judicial review, to assess the action of other government branches so as to determine their legality and constitutionality.[15]A victim of a decision, action or omission of a public authority can apply to the High Court to provide a remedy where the authority is found to have acted unlawfully.[16] This power is provided under section 6 of the HRA 1998 that forbids any public authority from executing its mandate in contradiction to the rights. A body is subject to judicial review in respect to its public functions regardless of whether it is statutory or not.[17] In R v Panel on Takeovers and Mergers[18] a non-statutory organisation was held as susceptible to judicial review as it was exercising public functions. Traditionally, the standard for judicial review under the HRA 1998 was the irrationality test set out in the Wednesbury[19] case by Lord Greene where the rationale of decisions was tested against the reasoning and moral standing of any logical man .[20] The HRA 1998 has given courts new powers of judicial review that enable them to challenge the decisions and actions of the government in human rights terms.[21] Parliament decisions can now be challenged thus creating a limit on parliamentary sovereignty.[22] In order to preserve this sovereignty, the declaration of incompatibility was created under section 4 of the 1998 Act to ensure that where an incompatibility arises parliament still gets the final say on how to address it.[23] As illustrated in the R (Anderson) [24] where the Home Secretarys powers remained lawful and in force, despite being rendered incompatible to the HRA 1998, until a new statute was enacted; declaration of incompatibility does not invalidate statute. Parliamentary Sovereignty and the ECHR When the court at Strasbourg rules in a case, articles 1 and 46(1) of the ECHR expect that the state in question takes the necessary legal initiative to ensure that any issues raised are addressed accordingly.[25] This constitutes the extent to which judges can make law under the Convention. The Convention has been interpreted as a living instrument a claim which Lord Judge stated meant that courts could legislate on issues which previously were under parliaments jurisdiction.[26] He believed that members of parliament should have ultimate supremacy over unelected judges of any jurisdiction unless they chose to surrender such supremacy.[27] With regard to their interpretive duty, Lord Bingham in Ullah v Special Adjudicator[28] summarised the mandate of domestic courts as merely to keep up with the evolution of jurisprudence at the international court.[29] This mirror principle has however been contested by Lord Irvine who believes that UK judges should not be restricted to the bare m inimum requirement in adjudging cases as stipulated in Ullah[30] but should critically analyse the cases themselves.[31] Internationally, parliamentary supremacy is challenged by the courts power of judicial review. The standard for judicial review compatible with the ECHR is that of proportionality.[32] Unlike the irrationality test, the onus probandi lies with the legislator rather than the victim.[33] In R (Daly) v Secretary for the Home Department[34] the House of Lords endorsed proportionality as the authoritative measure of review in human rights cases as it provided a stricter and more definite assessment.[35] According to Dr Pinto-Duschinsky, the expansion jurisdiction of the European Court of Human Rights (ECtHR) has created a democratic inadequacy that can be corrected by introducing an override, as is present in the HRA 1998, where the back still lies with parliament.[36] Conventions rights are protected under natural law which is supported by the government.[37] However, this does not empower parliament to nullify human rights.[38] The power of judicial review is vested in the Strasbourg co urt to ensure justice prevails as even democratically elected governments could be guilty of the gravest crimes.[39] Abnegation by parliament to adhere to the Courts decisions on any matters to which it is a party would only serve to challenge the UKs international standing.[40] Conclusion The HRA 1998 upholds parliamentary sovereignty as it denies UK courts powers to veto statute.[41] The Act contains a number of provisions to protect parliamentary sovereignty[42] the most significant being that parliament still has a say on whether to repeal or amend the law which the judiciary advises as incompatible.[43] However, the orthodox standing on Parliamentary Sovereignty has evolved due to the expansion of powers in the judicial arm of government. These expansions serve to check and balance the parliamentary supremacy with respect to the Doctrine of Separation of Powers. Parliament is, therefore, sovereign but only to the extent in which its decisions are compatible with Conventional and Human Rights. References BBC, European Court of Human Rights Risk to UK Sovereignty BBC News (United Kingdom, 28 December 2013) www.bbc.com/news/uk-politics-25535327 accessed 29 August 2016 Bellamy B, Political Constitutionalism and the Human Rights Act (2011) 9 (1) ICON https://icon.oxfordjournals.org/content/9/1/86.full accessed 29 August 2016 Draft Voting Eligibility (Prisoners) HL Bill (2013-14) 13 www.publications.parliament.uk/pa/jt201314/jtselect/jtdraftvoting/103/10307.htm accessed 29 August 2016 Elliot M, The Three Dimensions of the Relationship between UK Law and the ECHR (Public Law for Everyone, 5 December 2013) https://publiclawforeveryone.com/2013/12/05/the-three-dimensions-of-the-relationship-between-uk-law-and-the-echr/ accessed 29 August 2016 Fenwick H, Phillipson G and Masterman R (eds), Judicial Reasoning under the UK Human Rights Act (CUP 2007) https://books.google.co.ke/books?id=7bQakM9B7TYCprintsec=frontcover#v=onepageqf=false accessed 29 August 2016 Gardner C, Lord Irvine: British Judges Should Decide Human Rights Cases for Themselves (Head of Legal, 14 December 2011) www.headoflegal.com/2011/12/14/lord-irvine-british-judges-should-decide-human-rights-cases-for-themselves/ accessed 29 August 2016 Gordon R and Ward T, Judicial Review and the Human Rights Act (Routledge 2013) Horne A and Miller V, Parliamentary Sovereignty and the European Convention on Human Rights ( House of Commons Library, 6 November 2014) https://commonslibraryblog.com/2014/11/06/parliamentary-sovereignty-and-the-european-convention-on-human-rights/ accessed 29 August 2016 Howard E, Is Parliamentary Sovereignty Now at Threat from the Judiciary? (2014) 1(1) The Undergraduate https://www.theundergraduateexeter.com/2014/03/human-rights-act-1998-parliamentary-sovereignty-judiciary/ accessed 29 August 2016 Kavanagh A, Statutory Interpretation and Human Rights after Anderson: A More Contextual Approach (2004) Public Law 540 Masterman R, The Separation of Powers in the Contemporary Constitution: Judicial Competence and Independence in the UK (CUP 2010) Thomas Raine, Judicial Review Under the Human Rights Act: A Culture of Justification (2013) 1 NELR 90 https://research.ncl.ac.uk/media/sites/researchwebsites/northeastlawreview/Thomas%20Raine.pdf accessed 29 August 2016 Andy Williams, UK Government Politics (Heinemann 1998) https://books.google.co.ke/books?id=6keDJpK0xL8Cprintsec=frontcover#v=onepageqf=false accessed 29 August 2016 -- How the Human Rights Act works (Liberty) www.liberty-human-rights.org.uk/human-rights/what-are-human-rights/human-rights-act/how-human-rights-act-works accessed 29 August 2016

Weimar Society and Culture Essay Example

Weimar Society and Culture Paper The good years for Weimar Germany were from 1924 to 1929, when the Republic got through the crises of 1923 and entered a stage of stability. The economy at this time was prosperous and the political chaos turned to constancy. The brilliant culture of Germany made it the centre of European creativity. This was in the areas of music, film, art, literature, science and more where Berlin showed great talents! Berlin was now seen as one of the most exciting cities in Europe, and Germany was accepted back as an equal in to the community. Theatre and the cabaret especially flourished in Weimar society and culture with the concept of Proletarian Theatre developed by Erwin Piscator coming in to play. This theatre produced plays as well as challenging views of the members of society which hadn’t been seen much before this time. A man named Bertolt Brecht along with composer Kurt Weill; they created The Threepenny Opera, a production that became very successful when it first appeared in 1928. Brecht was a communist and his work usually expressed his lack of exception with the commercial mid-class culture. Most theatre pieces of Germany were different to the past because much of it had a political and social message. When it came to the cinema, Berlin had a very progressive film industry. In the 1920’s, more films were produced then in the rest of Europe combined. Many amazing German directors were discovered who included Fritz Lang, Joseph von Sternberg and Ernst Lubitsch. Some of the movie master pieces these men created include: The Cabinet of Dr Caligari, The Blue Angel, Metropolis and Nosferatu. We will write a custom essay sample on Weimar Society and Culture specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Weimar Society and Culture specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Weimar Society and Culture specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Blue Angel launched its star Marlene Dietrich who became world famous. Nosferatu was a German horror movie and so was The Cabinet of Dr Caligari. The Cabinet of Dr Caligari was directed in 1919 by Robert Wiene; and is the story of murder and deception set in a small German town of Hols enwall. Both of these horror movies were re-made again in the future. Great film companies made German cinema one of the most notable in the world (a position it never again achieved). Leading composers of atonal music taught and heard their works first performed in Weimar Germany. The following decade in Germany was full of wonderful writers and great literature. Some of these writers include Hermann Hesse, Thomas Mann and Erich Maria Remarque who was famous for his novel ‘All Quiet on the Western Front. ’ A. q. o. t. w. f. was published in 1928 and was the most famous of all his work. The novel is about the cruelty of war from a soldier’s perspective. Thomas Mann was awarded the Nobel Prize in Literature, 1929, most probably because of his successful novels Buddenbrooks and magic mountain. The famous school of architecture ‘Bauhaus’ came across the new designs for German building. Walter Gropius was the founder of the school in 1919, believed that art should work with technology and make a change to the buildings they were to create. The school reflected the issues going on in Germany and rejected the older more traditional styles that were seen in the dire times of the country. Berlin, in particular, became a thriving midpoint of many new art movements such as Dadaism and expressionism. Artists used techniques that were new and unusual to produce meaningful works that expressed the world and reality. Artists liked to express there feelings and emotions; most of the time reflecting the suffering and hardships many German’s had to go through in society. The major artists of this period include George Grosz, Otto Dix and Max Ernst (as well as many more). Max Ernst was particularly famous because of his weird behaviour and unorthodox methods. The Weimar artists were first influenced by Russia and the USA. The assembly line technique that was developed in the American auto industry, the skyscraper, and styles of the American’s mass consumption seemed to be the core of modern Weimar artists. They adapted some American forms but often used them critically and creatively. Germany had the most educated population in Europe so it made technological and scientific advances during the 1920’s. Seven Nobel prizes were won by German scientists through out the decade; and had the most famous scientists of them all; Albert Einstein who worked in Germany until 1933. Einstein was a theoretical physicist who was best known for his theory of relativity which is E=mc2. He won the 1921 Nobel Prize in Physics. A man named Karl Mannheim developed theories encouraged by a synthesis of socialism and Freudian therapy that have proven highly influential in the twentieth-century. In addition to that, the Weimar Republic inherited excellent universities and science centres. Gottingen was the worlds most famous centre for physics, and German was the international language in physics and chemistry. The technology of Weimar Germany also boomed. The world’s first great passenger airship was created and named the Graf Zeppelin. This humongous plane was created by a company called Luftschiffbau Zeppelin and was filled with oxygen to make its crossings to the USA and South America. One day it even flew around the whole world! Another German airship made was named the Hindenburg and only to destroy itself while attempting landing in 1937. Also communications advances such as the radio were developed. The New roads and railways were being made, so now the motor industry including the Mercedes and the BMW flourished. Like any catastrophe, the Great Inflation also had important social effects; which hit many people of the middle class. For example, young girls were permitted by their parents to hire themselves out as prostitutes so long as they were paid with butter, one of the most precious goods of inflation-ridden Germany. Government officials once who were corrupt; willingly accepted bribes in the form of food or foreign money in exchange for permits and ration cards. One might even see government officials and men of the world of high finance courting drunken sailors without shame. In Berlin, hundreds of men dressed as women, and hundreds of women as men under the accepting eyes of the police! Not saying all Germans reacted to the inflation in this way, even the middle class. One of the more serious reactions to the uncertain economy was the growing suspicion amongst the middle class that the Jews were somehow responsible.

Typical American Families

Typical American Families Two Typical Families Sitcoms usually portray typical families that may be a bit funnier than real ones. Two sitcoms, The Cosby Show and Roseanne, are no exceptions. The two families, the Conners and the Huxtables, have much in common. They share the same socioeconomic statuses; they also face the same issues concerning relationships with each other.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Typical American Families specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Of course, there are certain differences between the two families. However, it is possible to state that these differences simply serve a background which reveals how similar the families are. It is possible to focus on three points to prove this assumption. These points are: socioeconomic status, relationships between siblings and relationships between spouses. Socioeconomic Background In the first place, it is necessary to point out that the two families pertain to middle class. T his makes them really similar as they face similar difficulties. The two families are not much concerned with making money. They are rather concerned with developing proper relationships with each other and other people. Thus, they also know how to have fun. For instance, the Huxtables arrange great Halloween party (cosbyshow3). The Conners, or rather Roseanne and her husband Dan, have a nice special evening (RoseanneConnerVideo). Apparently, they do not need to focus on ways to earn money. Relationships between Spouses The two sitcoms also depict relationships between the spouses. The two couples can be regarded as model spouses. They love each other. They are caring and supportive. There is one more thing similar in both families. Thus, each woman treats her husband as another child. They accept that their men are a little bit childish. For instance, this quality is manifested in such cases as giving advice to children in different situations. However, it is obvious that the women know that they can rely on their husbands who are the heads of their families. Relationships between Siblings Finally, relationships between siblings are some of the major focuses of the two sitcoms. Admittedly, relationships between siblings play a very important role in everyone’s life (or rather in life of those having a sibling). Seemingly, these relationships are different in the two families. For instance, Vanessa and Janise Huxtable are really friendly and help each other all the time (The Cosby Show). They support each other. On the contrary, Darlene Conner often makes fun of her sister (maskath-1). It may seem that the siblings hate each other. However, Darlene’s tricks also prove that she does love her sister and will help her whenever she needs that help. More so, such tricks show that Darlene loves her sister immensely as she can afford making fun of her as if she was the only one to have such a right justified by her love and care. Admittedly, Darlene wou ld never let anyone hurt her sister.Advertising Looking for essay on art and design? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Two Similar Families Therefore, it is possible to assume that the two families are similar even though there are some minor differences. Apparently, these families are similar in different levels, i.e. they pertain to the same socioeconomic background, they are similar in terms of relationships between members of the families. The two families are very friendly. Each member of the two families is caring and supportive. Admittedly, sitcoms usually depict typical families. Thus, it is possible to conclude that the majority of American families are like that. Hopefully, Americans still rely on basic values which are highlighted in the sitcoms. cosbyshow3. The Cosby Show Halloween. Video. YouTube, 18 June 2008. Web. maskath-1. â€Å"Biography for Darlene Conner.† IMDb, 2010. Web. RoseanneConnerVid eo. Rosseanne Inherit: The Wind. Video. YouTube, 9 July 2008. Web. â€Å"The Cosby Show.† IMDb, n.d. Web.

How to Change a Column Size or Type in MySQL

How to Change a Column Size or Type in MySQL Just because you made a MySQL column one type or size doesnt mean that it has to stay that way. Changing the column type or size in an existing database is simple.​ Changing a Database Column Size and Type You change a column size or type in MySQL using the  ALTER TABLE  and  MODIFY commands together to make the change.   Lets say, for example, that you have a column named State on a table named Address and you previously set it up to hold two characters, expecting people to use 2-character state abbreviations. You find that several people entered entire names instead of 2-character abbreviations, and you want to allow them to do this. You need to make this column larger to allow the full state names to fit. Here is how you do it:   ALTER TABLE address MODIFY state VARCHAR(20) ; In generic terms, you use the ALTER TABLE command followed by the table name, then the  MODIFY command followed by the column name and new type and size. Here is an example:   ALTER TABLE tablename  MODIFY columnname  VARCHAR(20) ; The maximum width of the column is determined by the number in parentheses. The type is identified  by VARCHAR as being a variable character field. About VARCHAR The VARCHAR(20) in the examples can change to whatever number is appropriate for your column. VARCHAR is a character string of variable length. The maximum length- in this example  it is 20- indicates the maximum number of characters you want to store in the column. VARCHAR(25) could store up to 25 characters. Other Uses for ALTER TABLE The ALTER TABLE  command can also be used to add a new column to a table or to remove an entire column and all its data from a table. For example to add a column, use:   ALTER TABLE table_name   ADD column_name datatype To delete a column, use:   ALTER TABLE table_name   DROP COLUMN column_name

Kristoff on China Ed Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Kristoff on China Ed - Essay Example In Chinese schools, teachers are much respected, and the most admired kid is often the brain rather than the jock or class clown.† (Kristof) Thus, it is fundamental to realize the major purpose of the author in this article is to establish that there has been a fundamental growth in China’s education system and the passion for learning, and the rest of the world, including the U.S., should model this system of education for the growth of the civilization. According to Kristof, it is essential to elevate education on the list of priorities in the nation and there should be emphasis on creativity and independent thought. Therefore, Nicholas D. Kristof establishes through his article that the U.S. should strive to adopt the model given by China’s education system in order to achieve overall development of the nation. This paper makes a reflective exploration of Kristof’s â€Å"China’s Winning Schools?† in order to find out the author’s maj or concepts and ideologies concerning education system and the role of cultural values in education. ... As Kristof indicates, the Confucian reverence for education, steeped into the culture, has been the greatest strength of the Chinese system of education. The author is explicit that this education system and the passion for learning, and not China’s strategic challenge, offer a real challenge to the Americans. Thus, the most crucial argument of the article is that the Americans should think of the real challenge hoisted by the Chinese, which is in the field of education, rather than worrying about China’s strategic challenge in terms of the new Chinese stealth fighter aircraft, etc. Kristof purports that the â€Å"real challenge is the rise of China’s education system and the passion for learning that underlies it. We’re not going to become Confucians, but we can elevate education on our list of priorities without relinquishing creativity and independent thought.† (Kristof) Secondly, in a reflective analysis of the major purpose of the author in wri ting the article, it becomes lucid that he is mainly focused on the growth in the education system of China which is based on Confucian reverence for education. By listing out the most essential aspects of Chinese system of education, the author attempts to provide a highly useful model of education for the U.S., which is based on reverence for education, quality of teaching, passion for learning, and creativity and independent thought. Therefore, the author not only promotes the successful aspects of Chinese system of education, but also establishes the need for creativity and independent thought which are fundamental to the U.S. system of education. Thirdly, the author has been effective in achieving his main purposes in the article by pointing out the essential components of China’s education system, along with

Discussion Board 5-2 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Discussion Board 5-2 - Essay Example Three known forms of managed care that patients or clients have exclusive discretion to choose are Preferred Provider Organizations (PPOs), Health Maintenance Organizations (HMOs) and Primary Care Physician. In all the three forms, clients chose from a list doctors desired to manage their health. The chosen doctors then stand the right to make any decision such as to refer a patient to another specialist. Since the given doctor is to deal with the patient directly, they need to understand personal constructs and understanding of the patient. This becomes easier when applying Psychoanalytic Family Therapy (Nichols, 2013). With Psychoanalytic Family Therapy, individual therapists are able to analyze self-psychology of patients to understand the cause and nature of an underlying problem. Despite complexity of the theory, charges for services offered by Psychoanalytic therapists vary with variation in the conduct of the individual therapist. This exonerates simple reasoning that complexi ty of Psychoanalytic Family Therapy makes it expensive than other

Developing a Training Plan Essay Example for Free

Developing a Training Plan Essay Organizations can help to improve employee communications and ethical practices among employees by having a successful training program in place. When a successful training program is in place, those trainings can provide other unique opportunities for organizations because those trainings can help to give employees important information that can help them be more successful at their job. When employees are successful at their job, that then equals more success for the organization. Training new employees and team environments is best implemented when the organization develops a training program that will give the employees useful information they will need to get a full understanding of the organizational structure, policies, and goals of the company. This paper will review some practices that prevented Enron from collaborating and communicating effectively, provide training ideas that could have helped the management staff be successful and lastly, address how this training plan could have improved Enron’s management team and other employees. When developing a successful training plan, one must identify the issues that were present within Enron’s leadership and management team. Training should start from the top, that way, the people with leadership status, including the management team, will be well prepared to successfully train their staff to do a job well done. Organizational Behavior 12th ed stated that norms are the acceptable standards of behavior within a group that are shared by the groups members (2007). When it comes to Enron, the norms of the leadership and management team displayed unethical behavior. It is imperative that leadership and management staff know that they are a team working towards the overall success of the company. This wasn’t the case at Enron, the management team did not work together as a team. When working in a team, communication plays a huge part in having a successful outcome. The management staff at Enron did not have effective communications. Management staff thought more of how contracts could be beneficial to them, instead of how beneficial those contracts were to Enron’s overall success. Another downfall to Enron was the fact that they didn’t conduct a competitive bidding process. Not conducting a competitive bidding process ultimately affected the business as a whole and the employee’s job stability. When the leadership and management team decided to have disregard to their obligations, but more regard to unethical decisions, the downfall of Enron began. With that being said, a training plan would have definitely been beneficial for Enron to implement. The downfall of Enron happen because there was no successful training plan implemented. In order for teams to be successful and effective at what they are trying to accomplish, they must communicate and communicate clear and concise, which would have been in the training plan. Effective communications can mean the difference between success and failure. Being that, an effective training plan should include information ranging from employee communications, ethical practices, conflict resolution, decision making and any other useful information that will help the team work together to reach overall success. This training plan will focus on effective communications, the structure and responsibility of the Enron team, conflict resolution, team building and ethical decision making. These are things that are important to any team working towards achieving their goals and objectives set by the organization. When it comes to structure and responsibility, the leaders at Enron did not train their management staff to make the right choices and do the right thing. Leadership in Organizations stated that managers are people who do things right and leaders are people who do the right thing (2007). The leaders at Enron did not do the right thing, so the managers could not do things right. Without proper training, leadership and management staff can not delegate task and implement strategies in a successful manner, because there weren’t taught themselves. A training plan would instill in Enron employee’s the vision and integrity the leaders, managers and employees have.

Alzheimers Disease Essay -- Alzheimers Disease Essays

Alzheimer's Disease is a condition that affects 50% of the population over the age of eighty five, which equals four million Americans each year. It is becoming an important and high-profile issue in today's society for everyone. There are rapid advancements being made in the fight against this disease now more than ever, and the purpose of this essay is to educate the public on the background as well as the new discoveries. There are many new drugs that are being tested and studied every day which slow down, and may even halt the progress of the disease. In explaining this debilitating disease, it seems there are certain major areas that need to be addressed such as the history of the disease, the symptoms and diagnosis, as well as the emotional and physical cost to the patient and to the family. The definition of the illness seems to be unclear for many because the disease is so unpredictable. Until recently a precise definition of the disease was unavailable due to the difficulty in diagnosis. It is fairly complex, and despite many new breakthroughs it still remains impossible to diagnose a patient with certainty. A great deal of this is because the only exact diagnosis made is after a post-mortem brain examination. Alzheimer's Disease is the most overdiagnosed and misdiagnosed mental disorder in older adults because it is often decided only by ruling out all other possibilities such as dementias caused by medications, strokes, depression and other neurological disorders. However with new research in detection and prevention, a clear explication is now attainable for the public. Alzheimer's Disease is defined as "A dementing disorder marked by certain brain changes, regardless of the age of onset, that leads to the loss... ...eases-and-Disorders/Nervous-System-Diseases/ Central-Nervous-System-Diseases/Brain-Diseases/Alzheimer's Disease.html 11. http://moe.csa.com/alzintro.html    Sources:    Text    Advances In Alzheimer's Research Spring 2004, Vol.1, Number 1 Hager, Mary and Peyser, Marc, "Battling Alzheimer's", Newsweek, March 24, 2004, p.66 Websites    1. http://www.kcc.com.msu.edu/CAI/Pathology/Degen_F/Degen_2a.html Date visited: March 28, 2009 2. gopher://gopher.nimh.hih.gov/00/documents/nimh/other/alzh Date visited: March 25, 2009 3. http://www.cais.com/adear/nianews11.html Date visited: March 28, 2009 4. tornado.einet.net:8000/galaxy/medicine/Diseases-and- Disorders/Nervous-System-Diseases/Central-Nervous-System-Diseases/Brain-Diseases/Alzheimer's Disease.html Date visited: March 28. 2009 5. http://moe.csa.com/alzintro.html Date visited: April 30, 2009

The Grieving of the White Mistress

I did not know what time it was. I was still in my bed and comfortably tucked in my sheets. Everything is still, no chirping of the birds and no squeaks from the squirrels.Only the whispers of the winds that hustled against the glass windows broke the overwhelming silence. The fire is burning at the fireplace and I could smell the wood burning. But no matter how thick my flannel pajamas are layered with my thermal, I could not help myself from shivering.My eyes were still closed but my brain was already conscious. Apparently, my down covers have fallen from my bed. As I tried to reach for it I saw through my bedroom window that it was already snowing. It was the first day of snow of the year, and it was magnificent.It was the day before Thanksgiving. The crimson leaves of the deciduous trees that line our street have completely fallen. From the warmth of my house, I watched the outside world welcome the coldest season of the year.As if barren, only the green colored pine trees contra sted the landscape of white covered grounds. Six inches thick of snow has cloaked the earth with its solemn beauty. Like minute specks of dust falling gently, ice fell as if God is chistling from the heavens above. The velvety white gleamed and reflected the light that penetrated through the dark clouds in the horizons.The skies seem so heavy, as if heaven and earth are reaching for each other's bosom. Pavements are drenched with melted snow and rooftops are laid with perfect veil of white against the smokes of chimney. Such a picturesque piece of land, such life in this dark and cold weather.After a rose from my bed I took my robe from the edge of my bed and wore my winter slippers. I hurried to the kitchen where I found my Mom mixing hot chocolate on the stove. She poured the black thick liquid on a mug decorated with Old St. Nicholas' portrait sleeping on a rocking chair.I added sprinkles of marshmallows and settled myself on the stool by the nook. I smelled the sweet savory flav or evaporating and smiled at my Mom with content. I love winter mornings, all the peace that envelops the earth lets me contemplate through the depths of my long sleeping soul.I went to the bathroom to take a shower. When I turned the knob and the waters started to gently lather my flesh, the hot waters steamed and misted the smoked windows.   It is a very relaxing feeling to find yourself so warm in this extremely frosted environment. After I finished, I put on my winter attire.I have prepared several pieces of clothing to prudently warm me through different layers. I wore my black colored thermal covering the entire lengths of my arms and legs and wrapping my body's torso. Its smooth texture was a comfort to my skin. Then I continued with my dark blue turtle neck fleece sweater and I slid into a pair of straight cut denim jeans.I took my knee length winter boots made of camel colored suede with flat soles, wore them on my feet and slipped on my black down jacket that extends to my waist.I took my beret and placed it on my head and I warmed my hands with a pair of gray colored and knitted gloves. I finished off with with a long scarf that matches my mittens, wrapped it on my neck and stepped out of our front door.The cold winds gently brushed through my face and softly blew my hair. A distinct chill rushed through my veins which immediately made my shoulders tremble a little.I smelled the air and found myself smiling as I understood that pumpkin pies are being baked at our neighbor's oven. Its sweet flavor entered my nose and I heartily enjoyed its scent. I saw my friend living next door, she is already outside playing with the snow. I saw her lying on the ground repeatedly swaying her arms and feet upwards and downwards.I realized that she is making a snow angel, as if a lass in the midst of a fairly land. I ran towards her and leaped next to her and made my own childhood memories come to life. The earth was soft and cold and I just stared at the skies wit h a sigh.Winter days are beautiful, they have their own charm and endearing beauty. Though most of the world seems to be barren and lifeless, it still holds a promise of rejuvenation. Nights may be longer than days, but the darkness retires our spirit and refreshes our sousls.

Consider how Shakespeare presents madness Essay

Consider how Shakespeare presents madness in the play and explain whether you think it does illustrate how, â€Å"something is rotten in the state of Denmark. † One of the main themes in Hamlet is that of madness. Shakespeare conveys madness through not only Hamlet but through other characters as well, such as Ophelia, to covey that that the state of Denmark is rotten. At the beginning of the play, the first thing introduced are the night watchmen seeing the ghost. This is at the beginning because it is the first event in the chain that eventually leads to Hamlet seeking revenge for his father’s death. Although he was upset by his father’s death and his mother’s ‘o’erhasty marriage’, it was the revelation that his father was murdered that he thinks that he must take revenge. When Horatio first speaks to the ghost he recognises that it is unnatural for it to be there; â€Å"What art thou that unsurp’st this time of night†, illustrating that he feels that the ghost has ‘wrongfully seized’ the night. The atmosphere is unsettling and the ghost’s unnatural appearance is a sign of the bad things going on in Denmark, especially the court; â€Å"This bodes some strange eruption to our state. † During the times that the play was written, unusual things that happened were seen as a sign that something was not right in the courts; â€Å"Something is rotten in the state of Denmark†. This could be referring either to the whole of Denmark, or just the courts. It is after Hamlet sees the ghost that he decides that he will pretend to be mad; â€Å"put an antic disposition on†, but he does not want his friends to tell anyone what they have seen or that he is feigning madness; â€Å"Never make known what you have seen tonight†, as he believes that this way he can find means to exact his revenge on Claudius for killing his father; â€Å"And thy commandment all alone shall live within the book and volume of my brain†, meaning that all he shall have in his thoughts is how the ghost of his father told him to exact revenge on Claudius. This is the first step in the theme of madness for the play. Although Hamlet clearly says that he will be putting on his madness, it is uncertain whether actually he does go mad during the play, as illustrated in his outbursts towards his mother and Ophelia, and the murder of Polonius. There is much deception during the play, such as Claudius trying to gloss over the fact that he knows that his marriage to Gertrude could be seen as incest by the Church and that Hamlet should have been the rightful heir to the throne; â€Å"Yet so far hath discretion fought with nature that we with wisest sorrow think on him together with remembrance of ourselves. † He says that he is mourning and feels that mourning is appropriate for the old king, but he must think of himself, perhaps hinting at the fact that the death was convenient for him and he has had enough of mourning. This is characteristic of him throughout the play as all he has done and will do is for his own self interest, as when Hamlet asks if he can leave the castle, Claudius refuses, saying; â€Å"And we beseech you, bend you to remain here in the cheer and comfort of our eye†. He appears to be asking him to stay for his comfort, but he actually wants to keep an eye on him because he knows that he is still a threat to him and the throne. He at first seemed to want Hamlet to become like a son to him, but that changes as soon as he realises he could be a threat to him. He also continually uses the words ‘we’, ‘our’ and ‘us’ to establish himself as the husband of Gertrude and the King of Denmark. Polonius comments; â€Å"with pious action we do sugar o’er the devil himself†. To which Claudius replies as an aside; â€Å"The harlot’s cheek, beautied with plastering art, is not more ugly to the thing that helps it than is my deed to my most painted word. † Claudius admits that he is covering up the truth, continuing the theme of deception, adding to the audience’s awareness of the rottenness of Denmark. As there becomes more deception and secrecy throughout the play, it seems that the imagery in the language reflects the deception, and images of disease are used; â€Å"For the sun breed maggots in a dead dog, being a good kissing carrion†. This could be language to refer to how that state of Denmark is rotting, but also Hamlet’s language seems to reflect his turmoil as he tried to decide what to do about Claudius, and as he gets more frustrated with himself he becomes more abusive towards his mother and Ophelia; â€Å"You are keen my lord, you are keen. † â€Å"It would cost you a groaning to take off mine edge. † He is taunting Ophelia using double meaning. Hamlet is very good at creating double meanings, like when he says to Claudius; â€Å"I am to much i’th’sun†, which he says as if he is in too much sunshine but also he is saying that he feels too much like Claudius’s son. Later in the play the text says; â€Å"It will but skin and film the ulcerous place, whiles rank corruption, mining all within, infects unseen. † He is saying that corruption, like infection starts within, and the corruption of Denmark will begin with the court. This also links in with madness because madness also starts from within – within the mind, and perhaps it is saying that just one unstable mind could bring down all the state. Another way that Shakespeare presents madness in the play is through Ophelia. She goes mad after Hamlet kills her father, but also because of the way Hamlet treated her – cruelly. He said to her that he loved her, and there were some hints that he had been intimate with her, but he treats her badly and even tells her that he does not love her. She has been a victim of a corrupt society – from Hamlet leaving her and from her father, such as using her as a pawn to spy on Hamlet. After she has become mad, she sings many songs. The first one that she sings is, ‘How should I you true love know’. This song could be her recalling the death of her father; â€Å"He is dead and gone lady, he is dead and gone. † This is the first thing that comes into her mind to sing about, so it must be the thing that is foremost in her mind. It could also be that she is recalling how Hamlet is now lost to her, and she is still looking for her true love, because it seems obvious that she has not found him yet. However, the rest of the songs seem to be about Hamlet, as they are about lost love and some of them imply that Ophelia had been sexually intimate with Hamlet; â€Å"Quoth she, before you tumbled me you promised me to wed†. It seems that both her father and Hamlet are responsible for Ophelia’s madness, and this is reiterated by what Ophelia sings about. Ophelia was controlled all the men in her life, and this was customary for the time, but it seems that they took too much of a hold on her, with none of them considering her feelings, for her father told her to no longer speak to Hamlet as it could affect his career, Laertes also told her to stay away from Hamlet and Hamlet was cruel to her. She also says, after her first song; â€Å"They say the owl was a baker’s daughter. † This could just be nonsense, but it could also be referring to her father, saying that once she was the daughter of a man in the court, but now she is just the daughter of a dead old man. Polonius did help the corruption in Denmark, such as spying and trying to make sure his own career was safe, and because of him Ophelia is mad. Hamlet also said that he loved Ophelia, and whereas before he was tender, due to the corruption around him and his succumbing to it, he was a factor in Ophelia’s madness, which eventually led to her suicide. By the actions of people around her, Ophelia is tainted by the corruptness around, as Hamlet says in the beginning of the play says that she is pure, but later on says she is wanton like all women, and tells her; â€Å"to a nunnery go. † This could be to send her to be protected, or it could be a sarcastic remark telling her to go to a brothel. One of the other reasons that cause Hamlet’s torment is his indecisiveness. He says during one of his soliloquies: â€Å"O what a rogue and peasant slave am I! † He is berating himself for not taking action when his father has been murdered, while the player can make himself cry for a fictitious character. He could also be saying that he is not worth anything in the court now, as his father is dead, yet he is not king when he should be. When Claudius is attempting to pray in the Church, Hamlet says that he did not want to kill him until he was sure that he would be sent straight to hell with no hope of being sent to heaven, for example if he was laying in ‘incestuous sheets’. However, this could have been just another excuse at putting the task off, for he seemed to offer no resistance when Claudius sent him to England. This may not have been his fault, as Claudius shows himself throughout the play as being a very manipulative person. He has taken the throne and Gertrude. He has Polonius spying for him, and he also gets Rosencrantz and Guildenstern, who are Hamlet’s friends from school to spy on him and eventually gives a letter to the English King requesting that he murder Hamlet. Perhaps Hamlet is even jealous that Claudius, who he hates, can take such action when he himself cannot. It seems that Claudius is the main source of corruption in the play, and also he is the reason that Hamlet decides to pretend to be mad, for it was Claudius that started off the chain of events, with killing Hamlet’s father. It was he that murdered Hamlet the king, corrupted Gertrude, encouraged Polonius to spy and eventually murdered which in turn caused Ophelia’s madness and Laertes’s downfall. He is described by Hamlet as a; â€Å"Smiling damni d villain†, picturing Claudius as full of deception where he is hiding his evil deeds. This has had an effect on the whole court, and indeed the whole of Denmark, for the text says; â€Å"This heavy-headed revel east and west makes us traduced and taxed of other nations. They clepe us drunkards, and with swinish phrase soil our addition. † The Danish are said to be drunks, and later Claudius himself describes them as ‘false Danish dogs’, for he believes that they are still only loyal to Hamlet. Hamlet acknowledges all of this corruption, even in the beginning of the play when he says; â€Å"’tis an unweeded garden that grows to seed. Things rank and gross in nature possess it merely. † Hamlet sees at the very beginning that things are starting to turn bad, and he can feel, like the attendants at the beginning, that something is not right. Hamlet feels surrounded by madness around him, and he feels that the only way he can make sense of all this and to find means for his revenge is to put on an â€Å"antic disposition† and pretend to be mad. This seems to be a reflection of the state around him – that something is not right, however towards the end of the play it is unsure whether he has actually gone mad, being affected by his surroundings, for his actions do change dramatically, and although he does not act in the way Ophelia does when she is mad, he is a changed person. All of the other main characters are corrupted, and Hamlet despises this. One of the reasons that he puts off killing Claudius could be that it goes against what he knows is right. He wished that he would have the strength to avenge his father; â€Å"Now could I drink hot blood and do such bitter business as the day would quake to look on. † He was born a thinker, but he asks that; â€Å"My thoughts be bloody, or be nothing worth! † He wishes that he were able to have passion like the player and act like Fortinbras. Eventually this does happen, as Ophelia comments on; â€Å"O, what a noble mind is here overthrown! The courtier’s, soldier’s, scholar’s eye, tongue, sword, th’expectancy and rose of the fair state, the glass of fashion and the mould of form, th’observed of all observers. † Ophelia sees how has changed, and believes that he truly has gone mad, for he has changed into what he hated most. He kills Polonius, with no real regret, disregards Ophelia’s feelings and his mother’s, sends Rosencrantz and Guildenstern to their deaths without regret and does in the end kill Laertes and Claudius. However, there still is some of the old Hamlet left in him, for after Ophelia has died he says that he always did love her, so perhaps he shunned her so that he would have a clear mind to be able to think about his revenge. Also he apologised to Laertes before they fight, perhaps seeing something of himself in him, for his father was murdered as was Hamlet’s. This shows that Hamlet has not yet completely given way to the corruption of Denmark. Just before Hamlet dies, he claims that the throne should be given to Fortinbras. Hamlet admired Fortinbras for his action, and he was quite like Hamlet, his father being killed and he being usurped from the throne. Fortinbras accepts the throne and orders that Hamlet’s body be treated with respect; â€Å"Let four captains, bear Hamlet like a soldier to the stage, for he was likely, had he been put on, to have proved most royal†. Fortinbras believes that Hamlet would have been a good king, and perhaps he might have had he have not been corrupted by the state of Denmark. Fortinbras survived, seemingly because he came from outside Denmark, and as did Horatio, not only because he was a good friend to Hamlet, but as Hamlet said; â€Å"There are more things in heaven and earth, Horatio, than are dreamt of in your philosophy. † Hamlet believed that Horatio was unable to see the corruption that infected Denmark, and because of this he was untainted by it, this perhaps being a reason why Horatio does not die in the play. Bibliography Cambridge School Shakespeare – Hamlet by William Shakespeare, edited by Richard Andrews and Rex Gibson. Longman 1988, critical essays, Hamlet – The State of Denmark by Alan Gardiner, editors – Linda Cookson and Bryan Loughrey.

Theoretical Models in Understanding Working Memory

Theoretical Models in Understanding Working Memory Ericsson and Kintsch (1995) model The first model which attempts to explain how working memory functions is the Ericsson and Kintsch (1995) model which explains that all individuals utilize skilled memory in everyday tasks however most these memories are stored in long term memory and then subsequently retrieved through various forms of retrieval mechanismsAdvertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Theoretical Models in Understanding Working Memory specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More (Gobet, 2000). Ericsson and Kintsch explain that it would be impossible to hold so to speak all memories within our working memory rather what occurs is that individuals hold only a few concepts related to a task within their working memory and then use those as indicators to retrieve the information from long term memory (Licata, 2009). This process which they described as long term working memory can actually be compared to the card catalo g within a library which stores information regarding particular books and then directs people to which specific shelf they are located (Gobet, 2000). This is a faster and more effective system as compared to merely stacking all the books within a library on tables and expecting people to find exactly what they are looking for. Baddeley and Hitch (1974) multi-component model The second model for understanding the processes involved in working memory is the Baddeley and Hitch (1974) multi-component model which states that working memory operates via a system of slave systems and a central controller which supervises the transmission and coordination of information (RepovÃ…   Baddeley, 2006). The first slave system of the Baddeley and Hitch (1974) model is called the phonological loop which stores the sound of language. This system operates via a method of continuous repetition where in order to prevent the decay of accumulated words, phrases, meanings etc. the system continuously re peats the content thus refreshing it and ensuring that a person doesnt forget it. For example, remembering people’s names, numbers and associated information regarding a particular individual is governed by this system (RepovÃ…   Baddeley, 2006). The second slave system is called the visual-spatial sketchpad which is involved in the storage and retrieval of visual and spatial information. Aspects related to this system come in form of visual images such as colors, shapes and the location of various objects and places of interest (Baddeley, Allen Hitch, 2011). Facilitating the proper operation of both systems in the Baddeley and Hitch (1974) model is the central executive system which is responsible for directing the processes related to systematizing information towards relevant processes while at the same time minimizes or outright eliminates inappropriate or irrelevant information from being disseminated (Baddeley, Allen Hitch, 2011).Advertising Looking for resea rch paper on psychology? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More It must also be noted that under this particular model the central executive also handles the delegation of processes when more than one activity is being done at the same time. Cowan model The last model for explaining how working memory functions is the Cowan model which is rather unique in that it considers working memory as not being a separate system but is actually part of long term memory unlike other models and explanations which indicate a separation between the two (Sà ¶rqvist Rà ¶nnberg, 2012). Combining the Concepts One way of combining the various models into a cohesive whole is to consider that working memory is indeed the result of retrieval mechanisms as indicated by the Ericsson and Kintsch (1995) model however by integrating the Baddeley and Hitch (1974) model we can come to understand that these retrieval mechanisms are in fact part of the central executive as described by Baddeley and Hitch. As such it can be assumed that memory is the direct result of a complex relationship between retrieval mechanisms, the central executive and the slave systems which comprise the long term storage of memories which are only retrieved when necessary via memory triggers within working memory (Hamamà © et al., 2012). When combined with the Cowan model it can be assumed that working memory and long term memory are indeed integrated with working memory acting as a means of triggering long term memory to function thus indicating some form of inherent connection between the two. Reference List Baddeley, A. D., Allen, R. J., Hitch, G. J. (2011). Binding in visual working memory: The role of the episodic buffer. Neuropsychologia, 49(6), 1393-1400. Gobet, F. (2000). Retrieval structures and schemata: A brief reply to Ericsson and Kintsch. British Journal Of Psychology, 91(4), 591.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample o n Theoretical Models in Understanding Working Memory specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Hamamà ©, C. M., Vidal, J. R., Ossandà ³n, T., Jerbi, K., Dalal, S. S., Minotti, L., Lachaux, J. (2012). Reading the minds eye: Online detection of visuo-spatial working memory and visual imagery in the inferior temporal lobe. Neuroimage,  59(1), 872-879. Licata, I. (2009). A Dynamical Model for Information Retrieval and Emergence of Scale-Free Clusters in a Long Term Memory Network. Emergence: Complexity   Organization, 11(1), 48-57. RepovÃ…  , G. G., Baddeley, A. A. (2006). The multi-component model of working memory: Explorations in experimental cognitive psychology. Neuroscience,  139(1), 5-21. Sà ¶rqvist, P., Rà ¶nnberg, J. (2012). Episodic Long-Term Memory of Spoken Discourse Masked by Speech: What Is the Role for Working Memory Capacity?. Journal Of  Speech, Language Hearing Research, 55(1), 210-218.

How and Why to Comment in Your PHP Code

How and Why to Comment in Your PHP Code A comment in PHP code is a line that is not read as part of the program. Its only purpose is to be read by someone who is editing the code. So why use comments? To let others know what youre doing. If you are working with a group of people or plan on anyone else ever using your script, the comments tell the other programmers what you were doing in each step. This makes it much easier for them to work with and to edit your code if needed.To remind yourself what you did. Although you may just be writing a quick script for yourself and dont see the need for comments, go ahead and add them in anyway. Most programmers have experienced coming back to edit their own work a year or two later and having to figure out what they did. Comments can remind you of your thoughts when you wrote the code. There are several ways to add a comment in PHP code. The first is by using // to comment out a line. This one-line comment style only comments to the end of the line or the current code block, whichever comes first. Here is an example: ?php echo hello; //this is a comment echo there; ? If you have a single line comment, another option is to use a # sign. Here is an example of this method: ?php echo hello; #this is a comment echo there; ? If you have a longer, multi-line comment, the best way to comment is with /* and  */ before and after a lengthy comment. You can contain several lines of commenting inside a block. Here is an example: ?php echo hello; /* Using this method you can create a larger block of text and it will all be commented out */ echo there; ? Dont Mix Comments Although you can nest comments within comments in PHP, do so carefully. Not all of them nest equally well. PHP supports C, C and Unix shell-style comments. C style comments end at the first */ they encounter, so dont nest C style comments.   If you are working with PHP and HTML, be aware that HTML comments mean nothing to the PHP parser. They wont work as intended and are likely to execute some function. So, stay away from:   !Comment

Government Spending Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Government Spending - Assignment Example imperative to note that that figure ($700 billion) is strictly what was committed in 2008 to curb the financial crisis since the New York Tines (1) details a further $12.2 trillion committed by the government by 2011. Therefore, the amount spent on TARP was $475 billion, Bailouts $11 trillion and QE $787 billion as reported by the Treasury Department (1). According to the Office of Management and Budget (OMB 1), federal spending on private-sector contractors in the fiscal year 2012 was 14% of the federal budget and was slightly below $307 billion. Further, the OMB stated that the spending exceeded that spent on federal contract spending on procurement of goods. According to CNN, this is because there is a push to cut down on federal spending and getting rid of a bloated government, which has trickled down to the private sector (Shahadi 1). As explained by the OMB, the 10 years preceding 2012 saw the cost of service contracts increase by 44% to the current figure. As of September 30 2013, the total value of unclassified US government procurement contracts dropped from the previous fiscal year’s $512 billion to $456 billion (Salant & Kathleen 1). This figure includes all procurements through free trade agreements, also refered to as FTAs. Although no explicit information is available on the budget allocation to the Department of Defense and other classified contracts, finding by the Bloomberg Industries indicate that this total budget featured an allocation cut of $22.3 billion to the Pentagon (Salant & Kathleen 1). The overall decline in government spending for the fiscal year ending September 30 2013 marked the fourth consecutive year of cuts in government spending since 1989. A report by the International Monetary Fund (IMF) put the cost incurred by governments around the world after the 2008 financial crises at $11.9 trillion (Conway 1). By the time this estimate was made, it was equivalent one fifth of the economic output of the entire world and entailed

Job Search Websites Report Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Job Search Websites Report - Essay Example Monster.com was the first site to be assessed. This is the site with perhaps the most name recognition of the three, and was a pioneer in the web-based job search engine market. Compared to the other sites, Monster's home page is rather busy and a bit cluttered. This is owed largely to what seems like Monster's attempt to branch out into related services, such as resume writing and a new degree program search engine. Fortunately, the tabbed interface easily cuts through the clutter and allows the user to rather intuitively link to desired tools and features. Although each tab contains some links that are rather nebulous, it is still easy to find the most helpful features the website has to offer. The most critical feature, the simple job search is front and center on the home page, and easily enabled the test search for this study to be run. Entering "software engineer" in te key words field, and choosing Boston, Massachusetts from the location pull down (there was no way to select all of Massachusetts, only specific locations within the state) resulted in a stop screen prompting the user to enter a student loan payoff sweepstakes. Clicking the "no thank you" link took the user to the search results. There were 697 hits organized reverse chronologically in 14 pages of 50 hits each. The hit list included the posting date, position title, company name, and location.

Ottoman and Japanese Political Systems (c.1820-1920) Essay

Ottoman and Japanese Political Systems (c.1820-1920) - Essay Example to the conquest of Varna and capture of Constantinople that made the Ottoman Empire as the oldest surviving empire of Europe within a century (Rahme 31). The old Ottoman Empire however declined and became as the Turkey that we know today after it allied with Germany in the First World War. Prior to its dissolution attempts were made to improve its state in reconstituting its own political system but the reforms instituted were just too late to save the old Ottoman Empire. The Ottoman Empire decline begun with the series of war beginning with the invasion of Egypt and Syria by Napoleon Bonaparte in 1798 to 1801. The intervention of the French, Russian and British due to the advances and occupation of Muhammad Ali Pasha’s army in Anatolia and Syria also precipitated its decline as it has grown weaker due to the war. The call for independence of the Greeks that eventually led to its independence as a self-governing nation also diminished its territory. European leaders however were concerned how will the Ottoman collapse will pose to the general peace. Such they made an attempt to maintain the Ottoman State so as not to cause instability in their region. They agreed to maintain its integrity by â€Å"reversing the potentially devastating results of war at the negotiating table and, in 1856, admitting the Ottoman state into the â€Å"Concert of Europe† (Quataert 56). Thus the European consensus then was to keep Ottoman state intact despite its weak stature as an attempt to maintain it as a viable state. Internally, an attempt was made by Selim III and Mahmud II instituted drastic reform known as the Tanzimat or reform or reorganization as an effort to reinvigorate and reconstitute their own political systems. One of the main reason of the decline of Ottoman was its harsh and inept rule coupled with a bankrupt coffers and Tanzimat was implemented to address it. Hat-i Shariff launched the firstTanzimat in 1839 where all persons banished or condemned to death

The Effect Of Wind Direction On Wind Turbines

The Effect Of Wind Direction On Wind Turbines I expected to learn from this project what the effect wind source direction had on a horizontal wind turbine. I found out that going from one side to the other, depending on how the pinwheel was shaped, that the power generated would increase or decrease. The homemade pinwheel generated power that peaked at the 180 degree mark and gradually went down with a slight spike upwards at the 0 degree mark. The store bought pinwheel had an average power that peaked at 180 degrees and went down gradually and spiked all the way almost to the 180 degree mark at 0 degrees. These results are important because currently, there are wind farms and they have windmills to produce energy, it is important to imply these facts when constructing the windmill to know how to make the windmill most efficient to produce the most energy it can with the given situations. Background Research Introduction My project researches wind turbines and how changes in wind direction affect the amount of work the windmill can do. I will use two types of turbines a store-bought pinwheel and a homemade pinwheel. The two turbines will be exposed to the same amount of wind force and wind source direction. As I change the angle that the wind blows, I will calculate the amount of energy it takes to do the same task haul five paperclips vertically. My project question is: What effect does wind source direction have on a horizontal wind turbine? My hypothesis is: The more indirect the wind source is, the slower the turbine will spin, thereby working harder and using more energy. For many years my family and I have been going to Lake Tahoe. Every time we travel there, we pass a field of windmills. I used to always ask my dad what they were for and how they worked. I always loved to watch them spinning. When I was looking for a science fair topic, I saw an experiment involving wind turbines. I remembered the windmills on the way to Tahoe and thought it would be interesting to find out how they really work. I thought the mechanics of this project would be fun to make and to watch work. I hope to learn how wind turbines generate electricity, the mechanics of windmills, and under what conditions windmills spin the fastest. Scientific Background When it comes to windmills or wind turbines, there are two major types. The more well known type is the Horizontal Axis Wind Turbine (HAWT). These wind turbines are the ones you typically see; they are your stereotypical type of windmill. The other type is known as the Vertical Axis Wind Turbine (VAWT). These wind turbines are not as common but still have the same capability of the HAWTs. The VAWTs are not used as much because they puts more strain on the support pole, making them more likely to collapse. They also need a small generator to start spinning because most of the time the wind is not strong enough to push it alone. These windmills have generators inside of them that generate electricity when the gears spin. Discovery The first windmill was invented by none other than the Heron of Alexandria, in Greece, in the first century AD. He invented this windwheel to power a musical organ; however, this idea of wind power was not well embraced. At the time, slave labor was cheaper, faster, and more reliable. The first modern designed windmills were invented by the Persians in the 9th century AD. There is no one inventor to which to give the credit, but Persian geographer Estakhri noted the invention. The discovery of wind power is important because it introduced a new, free source of energy other than slave labor. Today our environment is at risk of being destroyed. Due to the increase in population and technological advances, the resources in our world are quickly being depleted and we are damaging our environment. We are using an increased amount of energy, specifically fossil fuels, to power almost everything we use. Instead of using fossil fuels we could and should be using more wind energy to create energy. Despite these masterminds of history, there is still more to be discovered in this area. Scientists could discover a new, more reliable, and more efficient model of wind turbine to replace the HAWTs. They need to discover more in this field in order to replace fossil fuels and stop global warming. Application Today, we use windmills as a renewable source of energy and electricity. If scientists in the future can have a breakthrough with windmills, it could permanently replace fossil fuels, therefore stopping global warming. Residential wind power is becoming more available, but not as accessible as we need them to be. Conclusion From this project, I hope to learn how wind turbines generate energy. I hope to learn some of the mechanics behind windmills, under what conditions windmills spin the fastest, and how they can create energy. Experiment Details Experiment Question What effect does wind source direction have on a horizontal wind turbine? Experiment Hypothesis The more I move the wind source to one side of the turbine, the wind turbine will spin more slowly. Experiment Variables Independent Variable The angle in degrees that the wind source will blow at the rotor. Dependent Variable How much time, in seconds, it will take the wind turbine to pull up 5 paperclips. Controlled Variables The amount of weight the wind turbine will pull up The amount of wind being blown at the wind turbine (hairdryer on high speed) The temperature of the air being blown (hairdryer on cool setting) The height the turbine will have to life the paperclips The wind turbine itself Materials and Procedures Materials Used Pinwheel, store-bought or homemade Scissors 8.5-inch x 8.5-inch sheet of paper Ruler Pen Nail Wooden skewer, available at grocery stores Tape, any kind Empty oatmeal canister with plastic lid Handful of rocks (or heavy objects to keep the oatmeal canister weighted down) Small compression spring (approximately  ½ inch long and able to fit over skewer) Clear tape Spool of thread (1) Paper clips, #1 size (5) Measuring tape Room in your home that is free from drafts Hair dryer Table or chair Sticky notes, small size A helper Stopwatch Lab notebook Graph paper Procedures Building My Rotor For a store-bought pinwheel: STEP 1: I have to remove the rotor blades from the shaft by cutting off the plastic nozzle tip of the shaft. This rotor is now on the skewer and is ready for testing. For a home-made pinwheel: STEP 2: Fold a square piece of paper diagonal then back then diagonal the other direction then back. When I am finished I should have an X crossing the middle of my paper. STEP 3: Measure about 2 inches from the center on each crease and draw a line with my pen. STEP 4: Make four holes in the paper with the nail near the corner. STEP 5: Make a fifth hole in the center of the paper STEP 6: Cut along the creases with the scissors and stop where the lines were drawn 2 inches out from the center. Building my Horizontal-Axis Wind Turbine STEP 7: Use the nail to poke two small holes on corresponding sides of the Oatmeal container about one inch down from the top. STEP 8: Place rocks inside the container and close the lid. STEP 9: Put the skewer between the two holes. STEP 10: Thread the spring on one side of the skewer. STEP 11: Put on one of the rotors (homemade or store bought) next to the spring on the skewer. STEP 12: If I were using the homemade rotor I must first fold the four corner holes onto the middle hole so they are all on top of each other and form one hole. Then thread the skewer through the hole and the rotor is ready. STEP 13: Tape the rotor to the skewer so it will not slip off the skewer. STEP 14: Cut about 2 feet of thread. STEP 15: Tie one end of the thread to the end of the skewer that does not have the rotor taped to it. STEP 16: Tie the other end to one paper clip. Then attach the remaining four paper clips to each other then attach the four to the first one that is tied to the thread. This is the load that the wind turbine will be pulling. STEP 17: Measure the threads full length with the measuring tape from the skewer to the first paper clip. Record measurement in lab notebook. Now I am ready to start testing. Testing My Wind Turbine STEP 18: Place Wind turbine on the edge of a table or chair in a room without drafts. STEP 19: I will be testing my wind turbine at five different points around the rotor, 0 degrees, 45 degrees, 90 degrees, 135 degrees, and 180 degrees. To mark these points on the table, extend and lock the measuring tape so that it is approximately 6 inches longer than the radius of the rotor. Hold one end of the measuring tape directly below the point where the rotor meets the skewer, and the other end of the measuring tape at the approximate points around the pinwheel. Mark the points on the table with small sticky notes. When I begin the test, I will hold the handle of the hair dryer on the sticky notes and the blower end will point at the rotor. The goal is to have 1-2 inches between the rotor and the blower. If I dont have enough room, or have too much space, then I would have to adjust my sticky notes outward or inward. STEP 20: Have the helper manage the stop watch while you hold the hair dryer in position. As a test run, start the hair dryer on low and move it from sticky note to sticky note and record what happens in the notebook. STEP 21: Extend thread to full length STEP 22: Place the handle of the hair dryer on the first sticky note and turn the hair dryer on low and face it away from the rotor. STEP 23: When the helper says go, point the hair dryer at the rotor and leave it there. Keep the hair dryer at the same level for every test. STEP 24: Observe the motion of the paper clips. When the top of the first paperclip reaches the skewer, the helper should stop the stopwatch. If the paper clips do not to rise all the way to the skewer, then stop the stopwatch when the paper clips stop moving. STEP 25: Turn off the hair dryer when the clips reach the top or when they stop moving and record the time in the table drawn in the notebook. STEP 26: Repeat steps 21-25 until all testing is done. Challenges and Technical Issues I experienced several technical challenges relating to timing and angle as I performed this experiment. First, it was difficult to keep the direction of the air source constant. While I held the hairdryer, I found it difficult to keep it still. It was also difficult to ensure that the angle was kept constant throughout the experiment. I did my best to make several markings on the table to align the hairdryer. I also found that while using the homemade pinwheel, the pinwheel would sometimes push the skewer forward, causing the string to make contact with the canister, therefore slowing it down. To resolve this, I moved the pinwheel to the front end of the skewer and secured it there. Similarly, I found that while using either pinwheel, the string would sometimes wrap part of the way on the skewer but run out of skewer and fall off the edge before it was fully wound. To resolve this, I moved the string closer to the canister so there was more room for it to wind onto. Timing was also one of the human errors. Coordinating the actual start and stop of the stopwatch with the actual wind source (hairdryer) was tricky. My assistant and I counted down 3-2-1 and got as close as possible. There were times that we needed to restart the trial due to timing issues. Experiment Results With my tests results from the store bought pinwheel, the averages in ascending order staring at zero degrees going up are: 27.18 seconds, 36.94 seconds, 47.84 seconds, and 26.53 seconds. In these tests, there was only one outlier. That outlier was in the 90 degree testing when the outlier was below every other time with a time of 28.36 seconds. This was due probably to movement of the wind angle. In the homemade pinwheel, the averages of the times are in ascending order from zero degrees going up are: 57.86 seconds, 1 minute 2.20 seconds, 1 minute 21.66 seconds, 41.67 seconds, and 35.11 seconds. There were four outliers within these tests. One was with the 0 degrees test; it had a time of 1 minute 7.97 seconds. There were two outliers in the 45 degree angle testing. The first had a time of 40 seconds and the next had a time of 1 minute 12.17 seconds. Both of these did not get all the way to the top of the canister. The fourth outlier was in the 135 degree tests with a time of 1 minute 4.91 seconds. All of these faulty times were most likely due to movement of the hairdryer. With all of the outliers in my experiment, I included them into the average and did not change or discard them. Time Data Table Store-Bought Pinwheel Position of Wind Source (degrees) Time to Raise Load (seconds) Trial 1 Trial 2 Trial 3 Trial 4 Trial 5 Average Uncertainty 0 29.78 31.81 23.85 26.90 23.54 27.18 Range: 8.27 sec. Human error possibility: movement 45 38.62 38.87 43.38 33.56 29.78 36.84 Range: 13.6 sec. Human error possibility: movement 90 38.75 36.61 42.22 38.74 28.36 36.94 Range: 13.86 sec. Human error possibility: movement 135 45.41 54.28 49.75 47.82 41.93 47.84 Range: 12.35 sec. Human error possibility: movement 180 28.10 25.98 28.88 27.31 22.38 26.53 Range: 6.5 sec. Human error possibility: movement Time Data Table Home-Made Pinwheel Position of Wind Source (degrees) Time to Raise Load (seconds) Trial 1 Trial 2 Trial 3 Trial 4 Trial 5 Average Uncertainty 0 53.91 54.34 1:07.97 54.66 58.44 57.86 Range: 14.06 sec. Human error possibility: movement 45 40.0 1:12.17 56.06 1:07.59 1:15.18 1:02.20 Range: 35.18 sec. Human error possibility: movement 90 1:30.43 1:29.16 1:04.91 1:23.35 1:20.43 1:21.66 Range: 25.52 sec. Human error possibility: movement 135 45.78 41.59 44.94 39.53 36.50 41.67 Range: 9.28 sec. Human error possibility: movement 180 35.22 37.56 37.31 32.38 33.09 35.11 Range: 5.18 sec. Human error possibility: movement Distance-Work Data Table Store-Bought Pinwheel Average Work Done = Force . Average Distance (N . m ) Mass of load (5 paperclips) = 0.00215 kg Force = Mass x 9.81(m/sec2) = 0.0210915 Newtons Position of Wind Source (degrees) Distance Paper Clips Were Raised (cm) Trial 1 Trial 2 Trial 3 Trial 4 Trial 5 Average Distance (meters) Average Work Done (N . m ) 0 61 61 61 61 61 0.61 0.013 45 61 61 61 61 61 0.61 0.013 90 61 61 61 61 61 0.61 0.013 135 61 61 61 61 61 0.61 0.013 180 61 61 61 61 61 0.61 0.013 Position vs. Power Data Table Store-Bought Pinwheel Position of Wind Source (degrees) Power=Average Work Done Divided By Average Time (W) 0 .0004782 45 .0003528 90 .0003519 135 .0002717 180 .00049 Distance-Work Data Table Home-Made Pinwheel Average Work Done = Force . Average Distance (N . m ) Mass of load (5 paperclips) = 0.00215 kg Force = Mass x 9.81(m/sec2) = 0.0210915 Newtons Position of Wind Source (degrees) Distance Paper Clips Were Raised (cm) Trial 1 Trial 2 Trial 3 Trial 4 Trial 5 Average Distance (meters) Average Work Done (N . m ) 0 61 61 61 61 61 0.61 0.013 45 16.5 38 61 61 61 0.475 0.010 90 61 61 61 61 61 0.61 0.013 135 61 61 61 61 61 0.61 0.013 180 61 61 61 61 61 0.61 0.013 Position vs. Power Data Table Store-Bought Pinwheel Position of Wind Source (degrees) Power=Average Work Done Divided By Average Time (W) 0 .0002246 45 .0001607 90 .0001591 135 .0003119 180 .0003702 Data Analysis and Discussion There is one main reason why I got the results I did from my experiments. I got these results because of the way the pinwheel is shaped to spin. For example, the home made pinwheel I shaped, not intentionally, to spin to the right and it had fewer blades than the store bought pinwheel, but the store bought pinwheel was manufactured to spin to the left. In addition, the store bought pinwheel had twice as many blades as the homemade pinwheel; therefore it was able to catch more wind from the hairdryer, making the averages of the store bought much higher than most of the home made pinwheel averages. Windmills, when they spin, produce energy via a generator. The windmills I constructed are the same way but without a generator. I was able to calculate the power the windmills generated by pulling up the five paperclips and by using the time they needed to pull the paperclips all the way to the top. My graph shows the power that was generated using the load pulled (2g) and the time needed to pull the load on a scatter plot graph. The line that is drawn between the points is the trend in increase or decrease of the data. On the x axis, the position of the wind source in degrees is shown. On the y axis, the power in watts that is being generated by the windmill pulling the paper clips. This graph is useful to me because it is an easy way to show which position and windmill produced more power. My results answer my original question with proof from the experiments; it shows that my hypothesis was incorrect. Regarding the store bought pinwheel, the power in watts goes down starting from 0 degrees but then spikes up at 180 degrees. The home made pinwheel goes down all the starting from 180 degrees to 0 degrees. I never stated in my hypothesis that it mattered which direction, whether left or right, it decreased from. / Conclusion My hypothesis was incorrect. I thought the more I moved the wind source from the center to one side of the turbine, the wind turbine would spin more slowly and produce less power. I expected the graph to show an upside down V. This was disproved with my trials. The trend line essentially formed a V, showing an increase in power produced with both pinwheels. Recommendations If someone does want to retry this project or study more in this field, I would give them the following advice. If someone wanted to retry this experiment, I would recommend that they try to eliminate all possible human and mechanical errors such as movement. They could try to make a stand for the hair dryer to ensure that it stays straight and at the same height for each test. Slight movements can make a difference in how the wind catches the blades of the pinwheel. For someone wanting to study in this field, I would recommend that they perform this experiment comparing pinwheels that were equally matched. That is, use pinwheels that have the same number of blades in the same direction. They could also test pinwheels made of different materials and compare them that way. If someone just wanted to know which pinwheel to buy to be most efficient, I would tell them to get one that is made out of sturdy material, has a lot of blades, and one that has blades that are perfectly shaped to catch the wind. Acknowledgements For this experiment, there are a few people that I would like to mention who helped me perform this experiment. First, this project took me about three hours in all to perform and many after that to organize the board and all of the data. Throughout those hours, my mother helped motivate me to get my project done, helped me perform my experiment. She gave me the knowledge of how to make a computerized graph and helped me when I struggled. I would also like to mention Mrs. Roy, my 8th grade science teacher, for giving me initial tips on what to do differently with my experiment to make it the best it could be.

Free Essays - The Dehumanization of Shylock in Merchant of Venice :: Free Merchant of Venice Essays

The Dehumanization of Shylock in Merchant of Venice In Susan Pharr's "The Common Elements of Oppression", she defines "the other" as the outcast of society, the ones who stand up for what they believe in, no matter how `against the grain' it may be, the ones who try the hardest to earn acceptance, yet never receive it. In Shakespeare's "Merchant of Venice", Shylock, the `villain' is portrayed as the other simply because of his faith, because he is Jewish in a predominantly Christian society. One way that Shylock is classified as the other was by being stripped of his name. Throughout the play, Shylock was very seldom referred to by name; in the trial scene, the Duke identifies him by name twice, and Portia does so once. During the rest of the play, Shylock is usually referred to as "the Jew", "dog Jew" (II, viii, 14), and "currish Jew" (IV, i, 292) Throughout the play, Shylock was often reduced to something other than Human. In many cases, even the simple title of "Jew" was stripped away, and Shylock was not a man, but an animal. For example, Gratiano curses Shylock with "O, be thou damned, inexecrable dog!" (IV, i, 128) whose "currish spirit govern'd a wolf" (IV, i, 133-134) and whose "desires are wolvish, bloody, starved, and ravenous" (IV, i, 137-138). Or when Shylock is neither a man nor an animal, he becomes "a stony adversary, inhuman wretch" (IV, i, 4-5). When the Christians applied these labels to Shylock, they effectively stripped him of his humanity, of his religious identity; he was reduced to something other than human. The Christians also labeled Shylock as explicitly equated with the Devil, which in a primarily Christian society left Shylock as the other. For example, in (II, ii, 24-28), Launcelot Gobbo identifies Shylock as "a kind of devil", "the devil himself", and "the very devil incarnation." Shylocks own daughter compared Shylock's house to "hell" (II, iii, 2). Salanio identifies Shylock as "the devil...in the likeness of a Jew" (III, i, 19-21) and Bassanio echoes this sentiment by identifying Shylock as a "cruel devil" (IV, i, 217). Antonio further cements the association between Shylock and the devil by noting how Shylock's arguments remind him how "The devil can cite scripture for his purpose" (I, iii, 97-100).

“Ode to an Orange” by Larry Woiwode Essay

Ode to an Orange by Larry Woiwode is an evocative essay that brought many of my memories back. I became part of the story by experiencing what the author was describing. Larry incites all of our senses with the sharp description of an orange that for most of us is simply another fruit. The smell produced when we squeeze it, and its spherical orange shape gives us the sensation of being there. This essay made me think about the different ways we look at an orange. Most of us are accustomed to the conventional way of seeing an orange. However, for some people an orange is a lot more than merely a fruit. The author emphasizes in the importance of an orange for him. One example of this emphasis is at line 10 when he mentions; â€Å"There was no depth of degradation that we wouldn’t descend to in order to get one†. This tells me that the author not only liked oranges, but that he was passionate about enjoying the flavor and texture of an orange. I think that the author feels in this way because the orange brings some of his most memorable times back. He clearly remembers the way her mother used to tease him and his brother. He emphasizes this by repeating his thoughts in the end. I enjoyed reading this story because I can relate with what the author writes. In the summers of my childhood, there was no better flavor than the originated by a cold orange juice. After reading this story, I felt a strong desire to buy some oranges and make a glass of cold juice, and the fact that is summer now; greatly complements it. Finally, this story has made me more aware of the ordinary things we have around us. Everything is an interesting topic for writing, and as the book mentions, we need to be more perceptive with our environment. Larry has a unique way to make us feel inside the story. He reminds me that before theaters and television was writing. We only need our imagination to create the most beautiful stories.

Wealth of the Nation and the First Industrial Revolution

Wealth has had many factors that contribute to the meaning given by the Merriam-Webster Dictionary (2009), which defines wealth as â€Å"abundance of material possessions or resources.†In the early part of the United States, depending on the location in the continent, wealth was determined by different factors, especially after the Industrial Revolution.   In the South, with slavery abounding, wealth was not just about the land owned, or the crops sold, but it included the number of slaves that the plantation owner had on the plantation.In the North, the industrial revolution and technology grew and wealth was based on the type of product, number manufactured, monopoly of the industry, and innovation and development of new machines (A Coming Industrial Change, 6; Johnson, 35; Mr. Lloyd’s Book on Trusts, 23; Smith, 256; Topic of the Times, 6; The New Orleans Exposition, 4; The World’s Exposition, 3).Just like wealth, the industrial revolution took on many aspect s and was defined in many different ways depending on the location in the world.   While Britain and Western Europe really started the industrial revolution, the United States quickly took over as the leading innovator and wealthiest nation.However, it was not long before Japan and China were imitating the industrialized countries, and trying to gain in the revolution and wealth that was to be had by all.   The belief was that the Japanese could â€Å"copy ‘any pattern or design more accurately and skillfully than any other artisan in the world’† (What the Country Has Achieved During the Last Forty Years, 29).In the United States, the wealth and industrial revolution were separated in terms of North and South.   The North brought in machines and new technologies to help them use the products of the South.   Factories were created and manufacturing of goods began and refined in the following years.The export to other countries increased as did the wealth a nd educational facilities of the north and mid-west.   With the factories at optimum efficiency of the time, and more settlers moving west, the next logical step in the north was the creation of railroads (A Coming Industrial Change, 6; Johnson; Pioneer Railroad Men, 2; Topic of the Times, 6).