Forrest Gump Plot Summary Essay Example

Forrest Gump Plot Summary Paper Plot Summary Forrest Gump is the story of an incredibly kind and gentle person who is also what some people might call mildly retarded. Its true that he is not too smart, but he is very fortunate, because he has a mother and friend who love him dearly. Forrest is born and raised in rural Alabama, in the Southern United States. He grows up with his mother, who rents out rooms in the family house to people traveling through the area. Despite his lack of sophistication, and the fact that he was raised far from any major cities, Forrest manages to become personally involved in most of the critical events that take place in American History from the late 1950s until the early 1980s. This includes the Vietnam War, the Watergate Scandal, the Civil Rights and Anti-Vietnam War protest movements, and the Computer Revolution. Forrest even meets three American Presidents as well as Elvis Presley and John Lennon. In a way, this movie is a look at a period of American history through the eyes of a gentle soul who lacks cynicism, but simply accepts things for what they are. Ultimately, it is about the relationships that Forrest develops through his life. With his mother, who will do anything for him, with his two best friends from his days in the army, Bubba and Lieutenant Dan, and most of all, with Jenny, his true childhood sweetheart. Jenny experiences the changes in American culture from a totally different perspective than Forrest, eventually joining the various protest movements and subcultures of the 1960s and 70s. We will write a custom essay sample on Forrest Gump Plot Summary specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Forrest Gump Plot Summary specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Forrest Gump Plot Summary specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer But in the end, she is faithful to her childhood friend, whose sincerity, kindness and loyalty she would find in no other person. A special note on language usage: Since much of the movie is narrated by Forrest, you should be careful to not internalize the ungrammatical aspects of his personal way of speaking. Aside from the obvious use of double-negatives, Forrest also tends to conjugate the past tense of to be incorrectly, saying we was instead of we were. www. eslnotes. com/movies/html/forrest-gump. html

Free Essays on The Puritan Dilemma

In The Puritan Dilemma we discover Edmund S. Morgan’s views of what Puritanism is and how John Winthrop dealt with the dilemma of being a puritan. Morgan describes that â€Å"Puritanism required that a man devote his life to seeking salvation but told him he was helpless to do anything but evil. Puritanism required that he rest his whole hope in Christ but taught him that Christ would utterly reject him unless before he was born God had foreordained his salvation. Puritanism required that man refrain from sin but told him he would sin anyhow. Puritanism required that he reform the world in he image of God’s holy kingdom but taught him that evil of the world was incurable and inevitable. Puritanism required that he work to the best of his ability at whatever task was set before him and partake of good things that God had filled the world with, but told him he must enjoy his work and his pleasures only, as it were absentmindedly, with his attention fixed on God.â⠂¬  (Morgan p5.) ! Morgan continues to describes a puritan’s belief as â€Å"existing by virtue of a covenant with God, an agreement whereby they promised to abide by His laws, and He in turn agreed to treat them well† (p15.) John Winthrop caught the fever of Puritanism at college and for him the dilemma of living in the world without taking his mind off God was the hardest for him. Winthrop would have much rather been a monk or hermit, but that was not permitted Puritans must live in the world not leaving it. In Winthrop’s life he faces many dilemma’s which all have to do with the problem of living in the world without leaving it. The major dilemma’s are if Winthrop should leave England to go to the New World with the Massachusetts Bay Company and the problem of separatism and dissent in Massachusetts. Winthrop is first faced the problem of leaving England. Winthrop is offered to go to the New World with the Massachusetts Bay Company as a governor. Wint... Free Essays on The Puritan Dilemma Free Essays on The Puritan Dilemma In The Puritan Dilemma we discover Edmund S. Morgan’s views of what Puritanism is and how John Winthrop dealt with the dilemma of being a puritan. Morgan describes that â€Å"Puritanism required that a man devote his life to seeking salvation but told him he was helpless to do anything but evil. Puritanism required that he rest his whole hope in Christ but taught him that Christ would utterly reject him unless before he was born God had foreordained his salvation. Puritanism required that man refrain from sin but told him he would sin anyhow. Puritanism required that he reform the world in he image of God’s holy kingdom but taught him that evil of the world was incurable and inevitable. Puritanism required that he work to the best of his ability at whatever task was set before him and partake of good things that God had filled the world with, but told him he must enjoy his work and his pleasures only, as it were absentmindedly, with his attention fixed on God.â⠂¬  (Morgan p5.) ! Morgan continues to describes a puritan’s belief as â€Å"existing by virtue of a covenant with God, an agreement whereby they promised to abide by His laws, and He in turn agreed to treat them well† (p15.) John Winthrop caught the fever of Puritanism at college and for him the dilemma of living in the world without taking his mind off God was the hardest for him. Winthrop would have much rather been a monk or hermit, but that was not permitted Puritans must live in the world not leaving it. In Winthrop’s life he faces many dilemma’s which all have to do with the problem of living in the world without leaving it. The major dilemma’s are if Winthrop should leave England to go to the New World with the Massachusetts Bay Company and the problem of separatism and dissent in Massachusetts. Winthrop is first faced the problem of leaving England. Winthrop is offered to go to the New World with the Massachusetts Bay Company as a governor. Wint...

The Un-Tradiional Paper Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

The Un-Tradiional Paper - Essay Example Now, in the age of internet and technology, different other sources are available for research. All those sources which in the past were only available in print form are now accessed online. The reliability of the data depends upon the reliability of the source which is disseminating that information. Academic credentials of the writer and publisher are very vital in this regard. Academia in general prefers those sources which are written by scholars and are published by renowned publishing institutes. Internet, though a source of abundant information is usually dubbed as unscholarly and unreliable due to the anonymity of authorship or doubt about the academic credentials of the author. Wikipedia, search engines, websites,forums and blogs are these days higly accessed channels for the information. But usually the teachers regard them as unscholary sources and do not encourage the mention of those as reference in research. The reason is that these articles are written by those persons who use their personal opinion which is sometimes bias. Another reason for unreliablility of these sources is that they do not give proper references for the material they use as information. Mostly we do not know that the data contained in that piece is writing is authentic or not. In the give research project, I have chosen five articles on â€Å" social media† from some unscholarly sources. I have not selected these article not from any selection, book, scholarly journal or academic website. I have chosen five sources from internet websites, blogs, forums, opinionated editorials and Wikipedia. After seledtion of the articles, I have tried to point out those aspects of these writings which exclude them from the category of authentic, reliable and scholarly sources. First source: Website article My first selected piece of writing is an article about social media on a website titled â€Å" Social Media Today†. The article is written by David Chang who is CEO of commun ity named â€Å" Share Bloc† and possess a sufficient knowledge about social media and business related to it. In the current article â€Å" Mobile is tweeting the world†, Chang has highlighted the economic prospects of using social media sites like twitter on mobiles. The article is unreliable and unscholarly as we do ot find information cited or quoted from traditionally accepted academic sources like books, journals or articles, rather the information given seems to be from the author’s own knowledge. The article no doubt is informative but is not research based. It is opinionated and we can not rule out some element of bias from it. The academic credentials of the author have not been given and we even are not sure whether this article has been written by David Chang. We do not know whether the name is real or somebody is using it as pseudonym. No intextt citation has been used and graph used in the article contain no reference. The author does not disclose his source of information. The method of retention of information on this site is also unknown. We do not know whether the source we are consulting will be available to us on the same location in future. Second source: News paper article on new generations civilized attitude at social media Though the editorial pretends to include the results of an online survey, yet the reliability of the article remains an issue. The referencing is not proper as usually no in

The Argument of Plato's Republic Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

The Argument of Plato's Republic - Essay Example Would he still choose to tell only the truth to a person in such a state? According to Socrates, therefore, saying the truth and retuning what one has received do not qualify to be justice. In that case, truth telling and giving back is not justice. Polemarchus, inheriting the argument from Cephalous went ahead to give his understanding of justice. According to Polemarchus, justice means giving favor to friends and mistreating enemies. That is, it is what renders good to friends when he is good and harms to enemies when he is bad. Socrates contradicts his description on the basis of what circumstances should the just man can benefit from friends and receive evil from enemies. According to him, Polemarchus refers to justice as a kind of stealing to benefit friends and harm enemies. It is just to wrong the unjust. Differentiating between friends and enemies becomes difficult, therefore. Many people who seem good in many cases are not. Socrates gives an example of one who is skilled to give a blow as the one most cautious to secure a guard from a blow. Polemarchus admits the argument saying he did not know what he meant. He still believes, though, that justice benefits friends and harm enemies. Thrasymachus then came into the conversation. According to him, the just is the advantage of the stronger. He points out various regimes of rule such as tyrants, democracy rules, and aristocracy. According to him, the ruling party sets the goals and laws. Justice, therefore, is the advantage obtained by the ruling party.

Reasons For The Economic Instability In The 1930s Politics Essay

Reasons For The Economic Instability In The 1930s Politics Essay Abstract: This paper examines the reasons for the instability in the world economy in 1930s. First, the main causes are listed and given brief overview of the explanations. The most detailed attention is paid to the Hegemonic Stability Theory, as I believe it provides one of the most comprehensive answers for all the issues of the specified period. I also directly quoted the vision of R.Keynes regarding some of those issues. In conclusion I tried to draw up a parallel with the current realities and point out main lessons from the history and their reflections of the events of 1930s. The reason why I chose this essay title is the fact that most of the issues of the specified period are not just still relevant, but they also directly reflect current realities. As the old Kazakh proverb says: Tamyry zhoktyn erteni bolmas (Those who have no rootes [do not treat heritage], have no future). Therefore, it is vital to study the origins of the world crisis of 1930s, as it is often referred to as one of the worst turmoil in the modern world history for its spread, length, and depth. The recent protracted crisis is often compared to it lately. As any river has lots of springs to start from, the instability of world economy of 1930s started from many fragmented issues and events. The most commonly accepted causes are: the end of the Pax Britannica epoch, the World War I and its consequences, the lack of hegemony from US, the collapse of the gold standard, the chaotic international economic relations in the Interwar period, crash of the liberal approach in economy, the switch to intensified technological advancement in production and etc. The list of the causes can go on and on, due to the variety of visions and approaches to the issue. There are as much explanations and theories as much causes as listed above and even more. In my opinion, the Theory of Hegemonic Stability (main theorists: C.Kindleberg, R.Gilpin, and S.Krasner) gives the most comprehensive answer for all the issues of the specified period. Under this theory the world order is secured in terms of stability only under a dominant rule of one leading state. Kindleberg directly states that the main reason of the interwar crisis was the lack of will from United States to replace the Great Britain as the hegemonic power. (Kindleberg, 1973). As it is directly stated in the core books on IPE, throughout the whole nineteenth century Great Britain possessed economic hegemony over the most of the world. According to Kindleberg, not until 1931 was it clear that Britain could not provide the leadership. (1973) Great Britains supremacy leadership was closely associated the openness of international trade and capital movements, with the beginning of globalization of the markets, the rise of first multinational corporations, and the general economic and political stability of that period. World War I resulted in the end of British hegemony and most of the conditions that it had promoted. Soon there was an increase of the protectionism all across the world and further uprise of regional blocs. Foundations of the global economy were eroded by the decline in capital mobility, which finally resulted in the growing economic instability and the depression. So, the overall situation was not so positive for the new hegemon. The cause of this tragic chain of events has often been laid at Americas doorstep. The United States was, at the end of World War I, the worlds strongest economic power. But it steadfastly refused to take on the leadership role that Britain could no longer play. This irresponsibility was most vividly exemplified in the minds of many people by the infamous Smoot-Hawley Tariff (1930), which raised the average tax on imports to the United States by about 40 percent. At the beginning of the depression, the United States shut its markets to foreign goods and thus helped propel the world economy into its worst swoon ever. The unwillingness of the United States to coordinate its monetary and currency policies with other countries merely exacerbated the situation. This isolationist posture on the part of the worlds economic hegemon had negative consequences for most other countries and the United States itself. (H.Milner, 1998) As stated above the chaotic economic relations that arose in that period contributed significantly to the destabilization of the world economy. As states Kerry A.Chase, international relations theorists attribute the collapse of the world economy into protectionism and rival trading blocs to global causes such as hegemonic decline, problems of collective action and free riding, or the macroeconomic disturbance of the Great Depression (Kerry A. Chase 2004). We find that the different currency blocs of the 1930s had very different implications for trade. Sterling area countries traded disproportionately among themselves and with the rest of the world. Gold bloc members, in contrast, did not trade disproportionately with one another or with the rest of the world, reflecting their indiscriminate use of tariffs and quotas to prop up increasingly overvalued currencies, which neutralized any stimulus derived from exchange rate stability. Countries applying exchange controls, despite stabilizing their exchange rates, traded less with one another than their economic characteristics would predict, due to the trade-inhibiting effects of those policies.(Kerry A. Chase 2004). Also, within the Interwar period happened a crash of former liberal approaches in economy. The economy proved to be incapable to regulate itself under a new circumstances and it finally led to government intervention and creation of new economic model under the theories of R.Keynes, or so called Keynesian revolution. He was among first researchers that stressed on principal difference of new order and incapability of prompt readjustment to it. As he stated in his Economic Possibilities for our Grandchildren (1930): We are suffering from the growing-pains of over-rapid changes, from the painfulness of readjustment between one economic period and another. The increase of technical efficiency has been taking place faster than we can deal with the problem of labour absorption; the improvement in the standard of life has been a little too quick; the banking and monetary system of the world has been preventing the rate of interest from falling as fast as equilibrium requires. (R.Keynes, 1 930).   The war debts and associated issues are also constantly mentioned in the literature. Yes, there were winners and there were losers. The contradictious reparation payment system resulted in strive for jusice, which further pre-set conditions for escalating into World War II. But were war debts really affecting the economy within the specified period? At the conclusion of World War I, war- related debts were about $12 billion, an amount greater than total U.S. private long-term foreign assets, and equivalent to perhaps 15% of U.S. national income. Every major western country owed some- thing to someone, but on net most of the war debts were owed to the United States by France, Great Britain and Italy; these four countries in turn, were to receive most of the payments by Germany on the reparations account. The largest single net creditor was the United States. The largest single net debtor was Germany. The heated and lengthy economic debate about war-related debts, conducted in the context of passionate moral and political disputes, produced two distinct strains of thought: one was the well-known discussion of transfer; the other, less adequately incorporated into the literature, held that the war-related debts critically disrupted the international financial system, possibly started the depression, and probably aggravated it. No simple, direct line can be drawn, however, from war-related debts to world economic activity: payments on war- related debt were made in the 1920s with no obvious adverse effect on economic activity; payments were cancelled in the 1930s with no obvious beneficial effect on economic activity. Accordingly, most accounts of the world depression center on elements other than war-related debts (H.Fleising), The failure of the gold standard was also one of the reasons for the world crisis of 1930s. Why? Natalia Chernyshoffa, states that gold had emerged as the dominant monetary regime of its time and as a robust nominal anchor. She goes further and states: The claim was made that it helped to promote international trade and investment, and the data now back it up. Small wonder, then, that after the violent disruptions of World War One the world anchored again to gold in the 1920s. Unfortunately, despite its past record for stability, the reconstituted gold standard failed; it is now generally thought to have exacerbated volatility and contributed substantially to the Great Depression (N.Chernysheva, 2009). In conclusion I would like to draw a parallel to nowadays. For the past ten years there were constant prophecies regarding the so-long expected decline of US hegemony and glorious emergence of China as a new world leader. Recent crisis made those claims sound louder, because China is the only country that maintained comparative stability and gradually started turning into the largest creditor. It actively acquires assets worldwide (mostly energy sources, but interested in finance investment as well), plays more dominant role in regional and more active role in international organizations. With some discrepancies, but nevertheless, we might see the New China just as the world saw New US at the beginning of XIX century. There are also non-stop debates regarding the final emergence of unified Europe, which might overshadow the current US and proposed Chinese dominance. And there is a smart combination of all propositions proclaiming the New Order by the triangular US-Europe-China dominance. The same way, back in 1970s there were precautions regarding the rapid rise of Arab OPEC-states backed up by rapid growth of oil prices. As there were precautions regarding the Japan, backed up by its miraculous economic achievements in 1980s. Now the whole fuss is about whether it be China or Europe that would step into US left vacuum So, the history teaches us a good lesson: that time passes and all of those propositions regarding the New Ruler of the World either prove in reality or die in dust on the book shelves. Another lesson that was learned well from the history is: that none of the Empires of the Past had repeated their successful fate twice. So, if US would decline sooner or later, and its place gets occupied by the New Hegemon, it is doubtful that US would rise again like Phoenix. And the final and the most relevant to this essay lessons are: a) that the throne never stays vacant for long b) the period between two rulers (hegemons) is characterised by instability, anarchy and chaos (the worst curse in Chinese is: I damn you, may you live in chaotic period) Therefore, I would conclude that it was natural for US to step forward and replace Great Britain as soon as it was no longer acting as a hegemon in world affairs. But, not willing to bear the full burden of the obligations of the new ruler US did not act like a real hegemon. It did not use all of its available muscles to stabilize the situation neither in Europe nor in other parts of the world, and in fact, it was not really interested in it. Therefore I would say that the bad hegemon is worse than no hegemon at all. At the end, going back to our days, I would say that regardless of who is going to be a lead nation in future or would US somehow recover soon, it is crucial for my country (Kazakhstan) and for the rest of the world to maintain positive political and economic relations with all of the candidates for the Hegemones throne as good as with the existing leader US (proverb The old lion can still roar is still actual). Hegemons rise and fall, crisis come and leave, but life goes on and we have to be flexible under any circumstances Economic Possibilities for our Grandchildren Source: Scanned from John Maynard Keynes, Essays in Persuasion, New York: W. W. Norton Co., 1963, pp. 358-373.   http://www.marxists.org/reference/subject/economics/keynes/1930/our-grandchildren.htm War-Related Debts and the Great Depression Author(s): Heywood Fleisig Source: The American Economic Review, Vol. 66, No. 2, Papers and Proceedings of the Eighty-eighth Annual Meeting of the American Economic Association (May, 1976), pp. 52-58 Published by: American Economic Association Stable URL: http://www.jstor.org/stable/181719 International Political Economy: Beyond Hegemonic Stability Author(s): Helen V. Milner Source: Foreign Policy, No. 110, Special Edition: Frontiers of Knowledge (Spring, 1998), pp. 112-123 Published by: Washingtonpost.Newsweek Interactive, LLC Stable URL: http://www.jstor.org/stable/1149280 Accessed: 16/11/2009 03:12 (Natalia Chernyshoff a, David S. Jacks b,c, Alan M. Taylor, Stuck on gold: Real exchange rate volatility and the rise and fall of the gold standard, 1875-1939, Journal of International Economics 77 (2009) 195-205)

Book Report on Little Women by Louisa May Alcott :: Louisa May Alcott, Little Women

In 1868, Louisa May Alcott wrote the book Little Women in "response to a publisher's request for a 'girl's book'". Louisa wrote this book by calling upon her own memories of her childhood and putting them down on paper. This is the story of four young girls, Meg, Jo, Beth, and Amy March, and how they endure all the trouble and hardships that come along during their lives. They are raised by their mother and by their father, and many interesting characters pop up along the way, such as Laurie, their good-natured next-door neighbor; Laurie later falls in love with Jo but ends up marrying Amy. In the beginning of the story they are all fairly young, the youngest being twelve years old, and their mother, whom they call Marmee, is left to guide them while their father is away fighting in the war. As they grow and mature, they learn many hard lessons about life. For instance, there was the time when Amy, the youngest, suffered her first punishment in school. She carries that anger, humility, and embarrassment with her for the rest of her life. There were also more serious lessons to be learned, like when one of the sisters, Beth, dies. By the end of the book, they really have turned from little women into real women. Jo was the second oldest of the four sisters. Her birth name was Josephine, but she always thought that it sounded too feminine, so she shortened it to Jo. Clearly, Jo was one of the main characters of the story because many of the events centered on her and the audience learned more about who she was. She was a tomboy at heart and hated all the prim and proper ways of the ladies in those days. Jo was very blunt in her speaking and always said exactly what was on her mind. However, most people felt right at ease speaking with her because she had a way of making them feel comfortable, despite her frankness. Jo was the one who first had enough courage to go over to the frightening house next door and talk with the Laurence Boy, whom they knew as Laurie after that, and became the best of friends with him. Despite that one good trait, Jo has an uncontrollable temper that can erupt at any time. This is quite evident one day when Amy burns one of Jo's most precious items-a book that she wrote stories in and had for years.

Economic exploitation in America Essay

As a historian, James Blaut became so popular because of his criticism with the idea of Eurocentrism. From the word itself, Eurocentrism promotes the idea that European civilizations are superior to others and they have a lot of advantages compared to other civilization in Asia and Africa. In his book entitled 1492: The Debate on Colonialism, Eurocentrism, and History, Blaut argued with some of the famous philosopher and authors who are known for their Eurocentric ideas. Blaut tried to weaken their arguments and show to this modern world that our idea that Europeans have superior culture is only a delusion. Why 1492? According to the author, that year is the start of cultural evolution in Europe that brought them so much success in terms of dominating the world. According to Blaut, Europe is not ahead of Asia and Africa in terms of development and even the precondition of development. Europe just take advantage of the situation which is opposite to the beliefs of the proponents of Eurocentric idea that it has something to do with their superior culture. The year just inaugurated a set of historical process the helped the Europeans to develop their economy. One good example is their triumph over feudalism which was later on replaced by capitalism. We can say that Blaut was able to give good arguments and strong evidences that disprove the arguments presented by famous Eurocentric author such as Karl Marx and strengthen his theory that Europe’s exploitation of America paves their way to world domination. His arguments are the following: (page 2) 1. â€Å"Europeans had no advantage over Africa and Asia prior to 1492. Indeed, we cannot say that European culture is superior to those of Africa and Asia for the later two regions has their own economic and cultural advantages. † As oppose to the idea of Eurocentric theory which says that their weak culture resulted to their weak civilization, African and Asian civilization has their own cultural strengths that helped their economy to flourish. 2. â€Å"Colonialism is inevitable, it will happen even if there is no capitalism in Europe. † It is oppose the Eurocentric idea that the success of capitalism in Europe is the reason for their colonial expansion in different parts of the world. It is a very Eurocentric idea because it implies that colonialism starts in Europe as capitalism birthed in that region. Blaut argues that even if capitalism didn’t develop in Europe, powerful countries will still colonize other regions of the world. The birth of colonialism is a destiny for human civilization and an inevitable product of the natural characteristic of human society. 3. â€Å"Economic exploitation in America in 16th and 17th century was vastly intensive. † It is the main reason and explanation why Europe dominates the world not the rise of capitalism in Europe. Thus, the transformation of European society is just a mere product of major historical events and Europe just grabbed the opportunity. It contrasts the Eurocentric idea that the superiority of European culture and the weakness of others is the cause of their cultural transformation. 4. â€Å"There was no transition from feudalism to capitalism, rather a sharp break, a historical unconformity between medieval Europe and the Europe of bourgeoisie revolution. † Blaut disprove the belief that Europe experienced a social transformation which they triumph over the medieval feudalism. The idea of this social transformation implies that Europe of capable of transforming its society which can be attributed to their cultural superiority. Blaut theory vs. Eurocentric diffusionism For a long time, Eurocentric diffusionism is the dominant belief of the Europeans as well as other historians. It implies that the diffusion of Europe’s superior culture has brought progress throughout the world and caused worldwide social revolution. Eurocentric diffusionism believes that there is no need to look at other cultures which are lesser than those of the Europeans. Instead, historian believes in tunnel history as a source of historical reasoning. â€Å"Historical reasoning thus looks back the tunnel of time for causes of important changes in their history†. ( Blaut, p. 8). Because they see themselves as superior, they use their own history to interpret their society and disregard the contribution of the lesser civilization. The only exemption to this kind of social reasoning is when those lesser civilization caused so much decivilizing change such as barbarian invasion, plagues, and heresies. This reflects how the Europeans see the outside world. The significance of the outside culture is based on their effect on the ethnocentric Europeans. Another doctrine which is part of Eurocentric diffusinism is the outward diffusion of European intellect and spirituality that brought social evolution to the outside world of Europe. Actually, we cannot separate European intellect from spirituality for European intellect was shaped by Christian faith. As written by Blaut: â€Å"Two centuries ago it was axiomatic that God and his church were the fountainhead of progress. A Christian God ofcourse will put ideas in the heads of Christians particularly those Christians who worship him the right way and he will lead his people toward civilization. Gradually this explicit doctrine became implicit and Christians Europeans were themselves seen as the source of innovative ideas and hence evolutionary change for reasons not usually grounded in faith. †